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Exam 1.3

QuestionAnswer
What is menopause? What age does it occur? Permanent cessation of the menses. Ages 48-55
Perimenopause is defined as the time where reproductive function gradually ceases. Several years of decline of estrogen.
Postmenopause is defined as One year after final menstrual period
Early menopause can be caused by Smoking, genetics, high altitudes, obesity
Health risks in post menopause include Heart disease, osteoporosis, macular degeneration, cognitive changes, breast cancer.
Oophorectomy is Surgical menopause. Removal of the ovaries.
Menopause can cause what bodily changes? Decrease in breast tissue, body hair, skin elasticity, subcutaneous fate.
Menopause side effects Uterus,ovaries, and vagina decrease in size, vag gets dry and inflamed, palpitations, hot flashes, night sweats, UTIs, increased chance of atherosclerosis.
If they had a hysterectomy at a young age, what is menopause based on? FSH only.
What happens to FSH as estrogen decreases? As estrogen decreases, FSH and LH rise and stay elevated.
What are the specific conditions for menopause? No menstruation for a year and elevated FSH = menopause
Normal, Perimenopause, and postmenopausal FSH levels Norm - 3-9 Perimenopause - 10-23 Postmenopause - 24-146
Hormone replacement therapy is what combination of hormones? What can it increase the risk of? What can it be used for? The combination of estrogen and progestin. Can increase blood clot and breast cancer risk for 5 years, stops as therapy is discontinued. Can be used for vaginal dryness and hot flashes
What is the focus for the pt during menopause? Sx minimizing, exercise, health counseling, yearly pap smears.
 

 



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