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Neuroanatomy Quiz
| Structure | Function |
|---|---|
| Superior colliculus | → part of midbrain; contains nerve reflex centers involved in coordinated eye movements, focusing, and papillary responses → low level visual processing |
| inferior colliculus | → part of the midbrain; contains nerve reflex centers involved in auditory reflexes → low level auditory and vestibular processing |
| pons | → region of brain stem between the midbrain and medulla oblongata → serves as bridge (connection) between the two regions and the cerebellum → involved with balance and sleep |
| medulla oblongata | → most inferior portion of the brain stem; contains the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory center; heart rate, respiration |
| optic chiasm | → X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross over each other involved in vision → Point at which visual info crosses over to the contralateral side before entering the occipital lobe |
| Hippocampus | elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain involved in memory/formation of new long-term memories → plays a role in emotion and the autonomic nervous system →can lead to anterograde amnesia |
| Striatum: Caudate nucleus & Putamen | → initiates voluntary movements and coordinates slow skeletal muscle contractions (e.g., posture and balance) |
| Thalamus | → major relay point and processing center for all sensory impulses (excluding olfaction) |
| Hypothalamus | → region inferior to thalamus → main regulatory center involved in visceral control of the body and maintenance of overall homeostasis → motivation and the 4 F’s (feeding, fleeing, fighting, and fornicating) |
| amygdala | → integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation → located ventral and lateral to the body of fornix → stimulation results in strong emotions and emotional behavior, particularly anger and/or fear |
| Pituitary gland | → glandular tissue handing under hypothalamus → important producer and releaser of endocrine hormones |
| Pineal gland | → glandular tissue poster to the thalamus → important producer and releaser of endocrine hormones and production of melatonin → receives and conveys info about light-dark cycles |
| corpus callosum | hemisphere communication |
| cingulate gyrus | attention |
| fornix | major axon projections from hippocampus |
| lateral ventircle | full of CSF; has choroid plexus |
| choroid plexus | in ventricles, makes CSF |
| third ventricle | CSF |
| fourth ventricle | CSF |
| cerebral aqueduct | connects third and 4th ventricles, allows CSF to circulate |
| mammillary bodies | memory |
| spinal cord | voluntary movement, pain, sensation |
| frontal lobe | higher cognitive processing, executive functioning (thinking, planning, reasoning) |
| parietal lobe | → touch, proprioception, speech → Receives sensory messages from the rest of body: touch, pain, etc., and controls memory of objects and their uses |
| temporal lobe | speech, memory, hearing |
| occipital lobe | vision |
| cerebellum | motor learning, balance |
| olfactory bulb | smell |
| dorsal view | towards or at the back/top of head |
| ventral | towards or at the belly/jaw |
| rostral/anterior | towards the nose/head |
| caudal/posterior | towards the back of the head/tail |
| medial | towards the middle of the brain |
| lateral | towards the sides |
| dura mater | outermost, toughest layer of the meninges |
| arachnoid mater | layer between dura mater and pia mater, space within this layer is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (second layer of meninge) |
| pia mater | delicate, innermost layer of meninges → adheres tightly to the surface of the brain |
Created by:
rach6774