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cardiovascular test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PT/INR | monitors warfarin therapy; evaluates (starts outside) clotting pathway |
| aPTT | monitors heparin therapy; evaluates (starting in the inside) clotting pathway |
| how do you diagnosis hypertension | based on a BP taken twice |
| blood pressure is a result of | cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance |
| hypertension reading is | >140/90 |
| hypertension symptoms | usually none but if there are some - headache, dizziness, blurred vision |
| DASH diet | Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, low-fat dairy, low sodium (brown rice) |
| hypertension complications | stroke, MI, HF, kidney disease, vision loss |
| hypertensive emergency | headache, vision changes, chest pain, SOB, neuro changes |
| hypertensive emergency - treatment | IV antihypertensives and ICU monitoring |
| hyperlipidemia and vascular disease | Elevated lipids promote atherosclerosis, increasing vascular resistance, blood pressure, and risk for CAD, stroke, and PAD. |
| vascular disease | damaged or narrow blood vessels, reducing blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues |
| atherosclerosis | fatty deposits (plaque) build up inside the arteries, causing them to narrow, stiffen, and restrict blood flow |
| 5 Ps (6 things) | pallor, pulse, paresthesias, paralysis, pain, temperature |
| PAD def | decreased tissue perfusion from arterial plaque build up |
| PAD causes | smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension |
| CVI def | venous valve failure causing blood pooling |
| CVI causes | DVT history, obesity, prolonged standing |
| DVT def | clot formation in deep veins |
| DVT causes | immobility, surgery, hyper coagulability |
| varicose veins def | dilated superficial veins due to incompetent valve |
| varicose vein causes | valve weakening, prolonged standing, pregnancy |
| arterial embolism def | clot breaks loose and blocks artery |
| arterial embolism Sx | acute pain, pallor, no pulse, paresthesia |
| Raynoud's Phenomenon def | vasospasm reduces blood flow to fingers |
| Raynouds Sx | color changes (white-blue-red), numbness |
| Buerger's Disease def | inflammatory thrombotic disease of vessels |
| Buerfer's treatment | stop smoking |
| aneurysm description | balloon-like dilation of artery |
| aneurysm Sx | abdominal pain, back pain, N/V |
| preeclampsia Sx | HTN, proteinuria, edema, headache |
| exampsia Sx | sezuires |
| gestational HTN Sx | elevated BP without proteinuria |
| risk factors for preeclampsia | first pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, chronic HTN, multiple gestation |
| venous ulcers | red/yellow, significant drainage, irregular edges, found on medial/lateral malleolus |
| arterial ulcers | pale wound bed, round edges, little granulation tissue, bony prominences, little to no drainage |
Created by:
user-2017623