Question 1

The constitutional and other legal
protections against government
actions. Our civil liberties are formally
set down in the Bill of Rights.

Accepted Answer

Civil Liberties

Question 2

The first 10 amendments to the U.S.
Constitution, which define such basic
liberties as freedom of religion, speech,
and press and guarantee defendants’
rights.

Accepted Answer

Bill of Rights

Question 3

The constitutional amendment that
establishes the four great liberties:

freedom of the press, of speech, of reli-
gion, and of assembly.

Accepted Answer

First Amendment

Question 4

The constitutional amendment
adopted after the Civil War that
declares “No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge

Accepted Answer

14th Amendment

Question 5

Part of the Fourteenth Amendment
guaranteeing that persons cannot be
deprived of life, liberty, or property

by the United States or state govern-
ments without due process of law.

Accepted Answer

Due Process Clause

Question 6

The legal concept under which the
Supreme Court has nationalized the
Bill of Rights by making most of its
provisions applicable to the states
through the Fourteenth Amendment.

Accepted Answer

Incorporation Doctrine

Question 7

Part of the First Amendment stating
that “Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of
religion.”

Accepted Answer

Establishment Clause

Question 8

A First Amendment provision that
prohibits government from interfering
with the practice of religion.

Accepted Answer

Free Exercise Clause

Question 9

Government actions preventing
material from being published. Prior
restraint is usually prohibited by the
First Amendment, as confirmed in
Near v. Minnesota.

Accepted Answer

Prior Restraint

Question 10

The publication of false and malicious
statements that damage someone’s
reputation.

Accepted Answer

Libel

Question 11

Nonverbal communication, such as
burning a flag or wearing an armband.
The Supreme Court has accorded
some symbolic speech protection
under the First Amendment.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic Speech

Question 12

Communication in the form of adver-
tising, which can be restricted more

than many other types of speech.

Accepted Answer

Commercial Speech

Question 13

The situation in which the police have
reasonable grounds to believe that a
person should be arrested.

Accepted Answer

Probable Clause

Question 14

The rule that evidence cannot be
introduced into a trial if it was not
constitutionally obtained. The rule
prohibits use of evidence obtained
through unreasonable search and
seizure.

Accepted Answer

Exclusionary Rule

Question 15

The situation occurring when an indi-
vidual accused of a crime is compelled

to be a witness against himself or her-
self in court. The Fifth Amendment

forbids involuntary self-incrimination.

Accepted Answer

Self Incrimination

Question 16

The right to a private personal life free
from the intrusion of government.

Accepted Answer

Right to Privacy

Question 17

Policies designed to protect people
against arbitrary or discriminatory
treatment by government officials or
individuals.

Accepted Answer

Civil Rights

Question 18

Part of the Fourteenth Amendment

emphasizing that the laws must pro-
vide equivalent “protection” to all

people.

Accepted Answer

Equal Protection

Question 19

13th- The constitutional amendment
ratified after the Civil War that
forbade slavery and involuntary
servitude.
14th
15th-The constitutional amendment
adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to
African Americans.

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction Amendments

Question 20

The law making racial discrimination
in hotels, motels, and restaurants
illegal and forbidding many forms of
job discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 21

The legal right to vote, extended
to Afr ican Amer ic ans by the
Fifteenth Amendment, to women
by the Nineteenth Amendment,
and to 18- to 20-year-olds by the
Twenty-sixth Amendment.

Accepted Answer

Suffrage

Question 22

Small taxes levied on the right to
vote. This method was used by most
Southern states to exclude African
Americans from voting. Poll taxes

were declared void by the Twenty-
fourth Amendment in 1964.

Accepted Answer

Poll Taxes

Question 23

Primary elections from which African

Americans were excluded, an exclu-
sion that, in the heavily Democratic

South, deprived African Americans
of a voice in the real contests.

Accepted Answer

White Primary

Question 24

A law designed to help end formal and
informal barriers to African American
suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of
thousands of African Americans were
registered, and the number of African
American elected officials increased
dramatically.

Accepted Answer

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 25

A constitutional amendment origi-
nally introduced in Congress in 1923

and passed by Congress in 1972,
stating that “equality of rights under
the law shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any state
on account of sex.”

Accepted Answer

Equal Rights Amendment

Question 26

A law passed in 1990 that requires
employers and public facilities to make

“reasonable accommodations” for peo-
ple with disabilities and prohibits dis-
crimination against these individuals

in employment.

Accepted Answer

ADA, 1990

Question 27

A policy designed to give special

attention to or compensatory treat-
ment for members of some previously

disadvantaged group.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative Action

Question 28

The 1971 Supreme Court decision

that established that aid to church-
related schools must (1) have a secular

legislative purpose; (2) have a primary

effect that neither advances nor inhib-
its religion

Accepted Answer

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Question 29

The 1962 Supreme Court decision
holding that state officials violated the
First Amendment when they wrote
a prayer to be recited by New York’s
schoolchildren.

Accepted Answer

Engle v. Vitale

Question 30

A 1978 Supreme Court decision
holding that a state university could
weigh race or ethnic background as
one element in admissions but could
not set aside places for members of
particular racial groups.

Accepted Answer

Regents v. Bakke

Question 31

the Supreme Court strengthened the tribal power of individual tribe
members and furthered self-government by Indian tribes.

Accepted Answer

Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez

Question 32

The 1954 Supreme Court decision
holding that school segregation was
inherently unconstitutional because it
violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s
guarantee of equal protection. This

case marked the end of legal segrega-
tion in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 33

A 1944 Supreme Court decision
that upheld as constitutional the
internment of more than 100,000
Americans of Japanese descent in
encampments during World War II.

Accepted Answer

Korematsu v. United States

Question 34

1972

Accepted Answer

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Question 35

1969 Supreme Court case establishing that students retain their First Amendment free speech rights in public schools

Accepted Answer

Tinker v. Des Moines

Question 36

speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected under the First Amendment

Accepted Answer

Shenck v. United States

Question 37

The 1963 Supreme Court decision
holding that anyone, however poor,

accused of a felony where imprison-
ment may be imposed has a right to

a lawyer.

Accepted Answer

Gideon v. Wainwright

Question 38

The 1963 Supreme Court decision
holding that anyone, however poor,

accused of a felony where imprison-
ment may be imposed has a right to

a lawyer.

Accepted Answer

Roe. v. Wade

Question 39

A 2010 landmark Supreme Court

case that ruled that individuals, cor-
porations, and unions could donate

unlimited amounts of money to

groups that make independent politi-
cal expenditures.

Accepted Answer

Citizens United v. FEC31

Unit 3 Test

Civil Liberties, Civil Rights & Supreme Court Cases

Question	Answer
The constitutional and other legal protections against government actions. Our civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights.	Civil Liberties
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which define such basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendants’ rights.	Bill of Rights
The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of reli- gion, and of assembly.	First Amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that declares “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge	14th Amendment
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing that persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the United States or state govern- ments without due process of law.	Due Process Clause
The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.	Incorporation Doctrine
Part of the First Amendment stating that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.”	Establishment Clause
A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.	Free Exercise Clause
Government actions preventing material from being published. Prior restraint is usually prohibited by the First Amendment, as confirmed in Near v. Minnesota.	Prior Restraint
The publication of false and malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation.	Libel
Nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the First Amendment.	Symbolic Speech
Communication in the form of adver- tising, which can be restricted more than many other types of speech.	Commercial Speech
The situation in which the police have reasonable grounds to believe that a person should be arrested.	Probable Clause
The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through unreasonable search and seizure.	Exclusionary Rule
The situation occurring when an indi- vidual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or her- self in court. The Fifth Amendment forbids involuntary self-incrimination.	Self Incrimination
The right to a private personal life free from the intrusion of government.	Right to Privacy
Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.	Civil Rights
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment emphasizing that the laws must pro- vide equivalent “protection” to all people.	Equal Protection
13th- The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude. 14th 15th-The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans.	Reconstruction Amendments
The law making racial discrimination in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbidding many forms of job discrimination.	Civil Rights Act of 1964
The legal right to vote, extended to Afr ican Amer ic ans by the Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to 18- to 20-year-olds by the Twenty-sixth Amendment.	Suffrage
Small taxes levied on the right to vote. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting. Poll taxes were declared void by the Twenty- fourth Amendment in 1964.	Poll Taxes
Primary elections from which African Americans were excluded, an exclu- sion that, in the heavily Democratic South, deprived African Americans of a voice in the real contests.	White Primary
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered, and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.	Voting Rights Act of 1965
A constitutional amendment origi- nally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”	Equal Rights Amendment
A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for peo- ple with disabilities and prohibits dis- crimination against these individuals in employment.	ADA, 1990
A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treat- ment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.	Affirmative Action
The 1971 Supreme Court decision that established that aid to church- related schools must (1) have a secular legislative purpose; (2) have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhib- its religion	Lemon v. Kurtzman
The 1962 Supreme Court decision holding that state officials violated the First Amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New York’s schoolchildren.	Engle v. Vitale
A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could weigh race or ethnic background as one element in admissions but could not set aside places for members of particular racial groups.	Regents v. Bakke
the Supreme Court strengthened the tribal power of individual tribe members and furthered self-government by Indian tribes.	Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
The 1954 Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection. This case marked the end of legal segrega- tion in the United States.	Brown v. Board of Education
A 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II.	Korematsu v. United States
1972	Wisconsin v. Yoder
1969 Supreme Court case establishing that students retain their First Amendment free speech rights in public schools	Tinker v. Des Moines
speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected under the First Amendment	Shenck v. United States
The 1963 Supreme Court decision holding that anyone, however poor, accused of a felony where imprison- ment may be imposed has a right to a lawyer.	Gideon v. Wainwright
The 1963 Supreme Court decision holding that anyone, however poor, accused of a felony where imprison- ment may be imposed has a right to a lawyer.	Roe. v. Wade
A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, cor- porations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent politi- cal expenditures.	Citizens United v. FEC31

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