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AP HUG Vocab
Unit 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agribusiness | highly mechanized large scale farming usually under corporate ownership |
| Agriculture | the cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals |
| Aquaculture | the cultivation of aquatic organisms especially for food |
| Bid-Rent Theory | the theory that different users are prepared to pay different amounts for locations at various distances from the city center |
| Biodiversity | a term used to describe the enormous variety of life on earth |
| Biotechnology | any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make our modify products or processes for specific use |
| Carrying Capacity | the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without without environmental degradation |
| Colombian Exchange | the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human, populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the americas, west africa, and the old world |
| Commercial Agriculture | a term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology |
| Commodity Chain | a series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution |
| Community-Supported Agriculture | a system that connects the producer and consumers within the food system more closely by allowing the consumer to subscribe to the harvest of a certain farm or group of farms |
| Conservation | a careful preservation and protection of something |
| Deforestation | the clearing or thinning of forests by humans |
| Desertification | the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture |
| Domestication | the process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or on a farm |
| Economies of Scale | the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation |
| Extensive Agriculture | an agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land area being farmed |
| Fair Trade | trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers |
| Fertile Crescent | an area of fertile land in the middle east, extending around the rivers tigris and euphrates in a semicircle from israel to the persian gulf |
| First Agricultural Revolution | the transformation of human societies from hunting and gathering to farming |
| Food Dessert | an area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food, in contrast with an area with higher access |
| Food Insecurity | a measure of the availability of food and individuals' ability to access it |
| Genetically Modified Organisms | any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques |
| Global Supply Chain | a dynamic worldwide network when a company purchases or uses goods or services from overseas |
| Green Revolution | a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties |
| Intensive Agriculture | expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity |
| Irrigation | the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals |
| Local-Food Movement | aim to connect food producers and consumers in the same geographic region, to develop more self-reliant and resilient food networks |
| Long Lots | distinct regional approach to land surveying, where land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, and canals |
| Market Gardening | the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants |
| Mechanized Farming | the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanize the work of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity |
| Mediterranean Agriculture | a specialized commercial farming system practiced in regions with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters |
| Metes and Bounds | a british system of land surveying that occurred east of the appalachian mountains |
| Mixed Crop/Livestock System | the production of animals and crops on the same farm, or the use of animals to help produce crops and vice versa |
| Monocropping / Monoculture | the practice of growing a single crop year after year, without rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops |
| Nomadic Patoralism | a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze |
| Plantation Agriculture | a form of commercial farming where crops are grown for profit |
| Ranching | the activity of running a large farm, especially one used for raising cattle, horses, or sheep |
| Second Agricultural Revolution | also known as the british agricultural revolution, it involved the introduction of new crop rotation techniques and selective breeding of livestock |
| Shifting Cultivation | an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves to another plot |
| Slash and Burn Agriculture | a widely used method of growing food in which wild land is clear cut and vegetation is burned which results in a layer of ash that provides a nutrient-rich layer to help fertilize |
| Soil Salinization | a major process of land degradation that decreases soil fertility and is a significant component of desertification |
| Subsistence Agriculture | occurs when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families |
| Sustainability | the concept of using our natural resources in a way that won't effect the futures needs |
| Terrace Farming | when farming is done on manmade terraces that have been built into slopes |
| Township and Range | township: 36 sections arranged in a 6 by 6 system, measuring 6 miles by 6 miles, range is assigned to a township by measuring east or west of a principal meridian |
| Transhumace | a seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures |
| Urban Farming | the practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food in or around urban areas |
| Value-Added Specialty Crops | a change in the physical state or form of the product |
| Von Thunen's Model | an “isolated state” that had no trade connections with the outside world |
Created by:
stu.dreyes06