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Patho Exam 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What might the PCP find during a physical examination and diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease? | Palpably enlarged kidneys and hypertension |
| When Claudia says she has “awful pain in her side and groin and it hurts like hell to pee,” and the medical assistant notes a fever of 102 degrees and that Claudia looks very uncomfortable, what might the PCP suspect? | Glomerulonephritis |
| When a client reports that she cannot control when she urinates, what term will be noted in the medical chart? | Incontinence |
| What is the major cause of ESRD? | Diabetes mellitus |
| What is the prognosis of lower urinary tract infections? | Good with treatment, but reinfection in susceptible individuals |
| When a diagnosis of hydronephrosis is made, what treatment usually follows? | Drain excess urine, remove any obstruction, short-term catheterization, and antibiotics |
| Charles has just been diagnosed with bladder cancer. What long-term lifestyle habit of Charles’s might be the major contributor to his cancer? | Cigarette smoking |
| Benjamin’s ESRD has moved into the critical stage, and he is being placed on dialysis. His name is also placed on the list for a donor kidney. His choice for the procedure is a dialysis center. What type of dialysis will Benjamin be having? | Hemodialysis |
| What are the most common infectious precursors to kidney-related diseases? | E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, streptococcus, and pseudomonas |
| What are possible complications of renal calculi? | They can upset the acid/base balance in the blood. |
| Roger has Parkinson’s disease. He also now has what his PCP refers to as neurogenic bladder. Roger understands that he may now need to further adjust his daily living because of what problem? | Incontinence |
| Dan’s urological oncologist is discussing Dan’s renal cell carcinoma. Since it appears the cancer has not spread to other organs, what procedure offers the best outcome? | Nephrectomy; maybe radiation, chemotherapy or immunotherapy |
| Dana’s procedure for bladder cancer involves removing cancerous tissue from her bladder using an instrument passed through the urethra. What term is entered into the medical chart? | Transurethral resection |
| Azotemia | Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood |
| Creatinine | Nitrogen-based compound excreted in urine; when elevated may indicate kidney disorder |
| Dysuria | Difficult or painful urination |
| Electrolyte | Ionized salt present in blood and tissue fluids |
| Lipiduria | Fats in the urine |
| Hyperkalemia | Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood |
| Pallor | Lack of color or paleness of skin |
| Micturition | Urination |
| Urea | Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body |
| Urolith | Stone in urinary tract |
| Oliguria | Reduced urine secretion |
| What can be a predisposing factor to develop glomerulonephritis? | Streptococcal infection of the respiratory tract |
| While you was doing a urine dip for your patient you found abnormal amount of the protein albumin. What might be the cause? | Kidney damage from diabetes, or chronic hypertension |
| What are the most common diagnostic tests you will explain to your clients if you are hired in a urology office? | UA, KUB, BUN, ultrasound, CT, and MRI scan |
| Kidneys are one of the most important organs in the body. What are the major importance related to it? | They help regulate the water, electrolyte and the acid-base content of the blood. |
| Urinalysis is the one of the commonest tests for patient that provide ------------- | Specific gravity, pH, presence of protein, blood, sugar, and ketones |
| What is the pathology that result in tubular necrosis? | There is renal ischemia of blood flow in and out of the kidneys. |
| What are the symptoms that a kidney doctor will diagnose nephrotic syndrome with? | Hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipemia, and lipiduria |
| The Huhner test is often performed to diagnose what? | Infertility |
| Which of the following statements regarding infertility is false? | About 4.5 million couples experience infertility. |
| A female client has been experiencing pelvic pain, lower back pain, and dyspareunia for several weeks. Based on these symptoms, what could be her diagnosis? | Ovarian cysts |
| What is the prognosis for testicular cancer? | 96% cure rate if detected early |
| What is the definition of endometriosis? | Growth of endometrial tissue outside the endometrium |
| What group of women has an increased risk of breast cancer? | Those with genetic abnormalities related to aging |
| What is the abbreviation of the blood test used to differentiate prostatic cancer from BPH? | PSA |
| Which group of men does testicular cancer primarily affect? | Men under age 40 |
| A woman between the ages of 45 and 55 experiences the cessation of menses. What gynecological condition does she have? | Menopause |
| Which of the following STDs has the highest reported cases occurring among teens and young adults? | Gonorrhea |
| Which of the following is a highly contagious viral infection that has no cure? | Genital herpes |
| The PCP examines a 26-year-old man. There are two red ulcerated lesions in his genital area. This can be the primary stage of what disease? | Syphilis |
| In addition to reproduction, what is another function of the reproductive system? | Enhancement of caring and pleasure |
| Which of the following symptoms require medical attention for a pregnant woman? | Abdominal pain, tenderness, and cramps |
| Which of the following STDs can be asymptomatic for an individual? | Chlamydial infections |
| What gynecological disorder is defined as a distinct cluster of physical and psychological symptoms that regularly recur 3 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation? | Premenstrual syndrome |
| Which of the following statements about endometriosis is true? | Endometriosis is the appearance and growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterine cavity’s lining. |
| Which of the following is a cause of pelvic inflammatory disease? | Infections during parturition |
| What is the sixth most common cancer among females and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths? | Ovarian cancer |
| What term is used to describe palpable lumps in the breasts which fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle? | Fibrocystic breasts |
| Which of the following is a true statement about preeclampsia? | It is characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. |
| Chancre | Red, ulcerated, painless lesion found in primary syphilis |
| Effacement | In pregnancy, the thinning of the cervix |
| Epididymis | Tube, in which sperm mature, that is coiled on the posterior surface of a testis |
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | Most common of the STDs |
| Hysterosalpingography | X-ray to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes |
| Meiosis | Process of two successive cell divisions |
| Orchiectomy | Surgical removal of a testis |
| Purulent | Containing pus |
| Spermatogenesis | Creation of new sperm |
| Teratoma | Benign cystic tumors |
| Inflammation of the prostate can be caused by: | Bacteria or trauma |
| Emma was complaining of abdominal pain and had an U/S that showed ovarian cysts, Where might this be coming from? | Ovarian follicles and corpus luteum cysts |
| Endometriosis is a condition with extra uterine tissue, what can be the cause? | Unknown |
| Who is at risk of having testicular cancer? | Cryptorchidism |
| The most frequent time for a premenstrual syndrome is ---------- | In women in their 30s and 40s |
| You are assigned to prepare an education session for high school group. What are the main point you will clarify to prevent STDs? | Condoms |
| All the following are signs and symptoms of an enlarged prostate except: | Unintentional weight loss |
| Ovarian cysts are common and some can become large and painful. What types can do this? | Teratomas |
| Placenta is the main organ for nourishing the baby. it is normally located in the anterior wall of the uterus. Abnormal location can develop like placenta previa. What is it's best description? | Placenta implanted abnormally low in the uterus covering all or part of the cervical os |
| Andrew was poked in the eye by his grandson. The diagnosis of a corneal abrasion was determined by visual examination and which other test? | Fluorescein stain |
| What is it called when the elasticity in the crystalline lens of the eye is lost? | Presbyopia |
| Amanda is a teenager being seen for a sports physical. During a portion of her visit, Amanda is asked to stand on a line a distance away, instructed to cover each eye one at a time, and read letters aloud. Which screening tool is being used? | Snellen chart |
| 50 yr pt with a lot of screen time. He recently went to the ophthalmologist for his annual exam complaining of frequent headaches with occasional blurred vision. Mr. Bean was diagnosed with refractive errors. What treatment might the doctor recommend? | Contact lenses, Lasik surgery, or corrective lenses |
| Which of the following eye disorders is called nearsightedness? | Myopia |
| An ophthalmologist observed that a client’s eyes were moving rapidly from side to side. The client was relaxed and the eye movement appeared to be involuntary. Which of the following diagnoses is the ophthalmologist likely to consider? | Nystagmus |
| What is best described as localized, purulent, inflammatory infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid? | Hordeolum |
| What are some of the signs and symptoms of corneal abrasion? | Pain, redness, and tearing |
| When opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens of the eye occurs, what is it called? | Cataract |
| Which is characteristic of cataract? | Halos around lights |
| Accumulating fluid pressure within the eye that damages the retina and optic nerve is known as what condition? | Glaucoma |
| Mrs. Dove sees her primary care provider (PCP) with inflammation of the mucous membrane structure that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior portion of the eyeball. What diagnosis will the doctor most likely identify? | Conjunctivitis |
| Which of the following best describes external otitis? | It is inflammation of the external ear canal. |
| What is formation of new bone, especially around the oval window, with resulting immobilization of the stapes called? | Otosclerosis |
| Debbie has been riding in the backseat of the car for hours while traveling with her family on vacation when she claims she isn’t feeling well. Her mom insists she take which of the following medications to treat her motion sickness? | Antihistamines |
| Which of the following best describes macular degeneration? | It is a slow progressive disease that produces changes in the pigmented cells of the retina and macula. |
| What is the eye condition where the eyes may turn inward, turn outward, or be crossed? | Strabismus |
| What is the medical term given to a chronic inner ear syndrome marked by attacks of vertigo, progressive deafness, and tinnitus? | Ménière disease |
| What is the common name for external otitis? | Swimmer’s ear |
| Which of the following is an instrument used to examine the ear canal? | Otoscope |
| Myringotomy | Surgical incision of tympanic membrane |
| Conjunctiva | Inner mucous membrane surface of the eyelids |
| Diplopia | Double vision |
| Drusen | Growths or spots on the retina |
| Macula | Yellow disc on the retina directly behind the lens |
| Photophobia | Intense, unusual intolerance of light |
| Serous | Thin, watery fluid |
| Suppurative | Pus-filled fluid |
| Tonometer | Instrument for measuring the pressure in the eye |
| Tympanoplasty | Tympanoplasty |
| Phacoemulsification | Uses an ultrasonic device that disintegrates cataracts |
| please id the following eye structures: | Pupil / Eyelid / Iris / Lacrimal duct / Sclera |
| please be able to ID the following eye structures; | Conjunctiva / Retina / Cornea / Lens |
| Patients diagnosed with suppurative otitis media are likely to complain of ----------- | Fever and chills |
| Mary's mom rushed to her pediatrician complaining of rapid eye movement of her duaghter's eyes, what are the causes of nystagmus? | Ménière disease and multiple sclerosis |
| Which instrument is used to measure intraocular pressure? | Tonometer |
| One of the common complications of diabetes is retinal detachment, what is its best description ? | Vitreous humour leaks through a break in the retina. |
| Ear wax or cerumen is a very common condition, what is impacted cerumen? | It may be due to excessive hair in the ear canal. |
| John was complaining of ear pain and discharge and was diagnosed by otitis media, which treatment can he take? | Decongestants, antibiotics, and analgesics |
| Which infection can cause loss of hearing? | Meningitis |
| Some systemic diseases have bad side effects on the eye and sight, what is the common disease that cause this? | Diabetes |
| Myopia is one of the common errors of vision which is also called-------- | Nearsightedness |
Created by:
ericmichaelperkins