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Biological Molecules
AQA Paper 1 A level
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups. |
| Amino acid | The monomers containing an amino group (NH2 ), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins. |
| Benedict’s test | A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present. |
| Biuret test | A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein. |
| Cellulose | A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls. |
| Condensation reaction | A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | An information storing molecule made up of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix. |
| Dipeptide | Molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids. |
| Disaccharide | Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides. |
| DNA helicase | An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated. |
| DNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand. |
| Enzyme | A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions. |
| Glycogen | A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals. |
| Glycosidic bond | A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction. |
| Heat capacity | The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount. |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule. |
| Induced-fit model | A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate. Iodine test |
| Lactose | A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule. |
| Latent heat | The amount of energy needed for a substance to change state. |
| Lipid emulsion test | A biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed on lipids. |
| Maltose | A disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules. |
| Metabolite | A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions. |
| Monomers | The smaller units from which larger molecules are made |
| Monosaccharide | The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. |
| Phospholipid | A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group. |
| Polymers | Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together. Polypeptide |
| Polysaccharide | Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides. |
| Primary structure | The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein. |
| Quaternary structure | A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains. |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds. |
| Secondary structure | The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain. |
| Semi conservative replication | The production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand. |
| Solvent | A substance which other solutes are dissolved in. |
| Starch | A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants. |
| Sucrose | A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule. |
| Tertiary structure | The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure. |
| Triglyceride | A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. |
Created by:
Sprockles