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amendments 16-27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amendment 11 Xl | Suits Against States |
| Amendment 12 Xll | Election of President and vice president |
| Amendment 13 Xlll | Abolition of Slavery |
| Amendment 14 XlV | Rights of Citizens (naturalization) |
| Amendment 15 XV | African-American male Suffrage ( the right to suffrage for african americans.) |
| Amendment 16 XVI | Federal income tax |
| Amendment 17 XVII | Direct Election of US Senators |
| Amendment 18 XVIII | National Prohibition of Alcaholic Beverages |
| Amendment 19 XIX | Women's Suffrage |
| Amendment 20 XX | Lame-Duck Amendment |
| Amendment 21 XXI | Repeal of National Prohibition Amendment |
| Amendment 22 XXII | Limits on Presidential Terms |
| Amendment 23 XXIII | Presidential Electors ( no taxation without representation) |
| Amendment 24 XXIV | Abolition of The Poll Tax |
| Amendment 25 XXV | Presidential Disability and Presidetial Succession |
| Amendment 26 XXVI | Eighteen Year Old Vote |
| Amendment 27 XXVII | Restraint on US Congress Salaries |
| Lawsuits def | a public case brought to court for adjudication |
| Landmark court case: Chisholm vs Georgia | a court case against Georgia in 1793 that set legal precedent for state cases. |
| Authority def | higher commanding power (pollitical oversight) |
| Judicial Power def | the power by and given to the judge to decide between innocence and guiltiness. |
| Lawsuit in equity (equity = equal) | civil action of seeking equal read evidence , due process, and fair remedies. |
| Prosecute def | Institute legal procedure against a person, group, or organization. |
| Procedure for electing president and vice president. | 1. house of rep. casts separate ballots for pres. and vice pres. 2. the votes must be counted an listed seperately 3. the results are to be signed, sealed, and delivered to president of the Senate ( the joint session of Congress) 4. most votes = win! |
| Recurrence of the presidential election of 1800 votes. | a historic tie in the electoral college between two candidates (Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson) CANNOT HAPPEN AGAIN due to this amendment. |
| Results are signed, sealed, and sent to the president of US Senate. | delivered results of the election to a joined session of senate in Congress, |
| Joint session of US Congress | a gathering between al of the members of Congress to review the electoral college's results. (ie senate, house of rep) |
| Candidate who receives the most votes , provided it is majority. | that candidate would win the election due to majority. |
| Electors | Electors in each state (including DC) totaling 538 in total that elect people. (ie house of rep and Senate) |
| Restriction | constraints and restriction to procedure |
| Ballot | system of voting in secret from others |
| March 4th requirement deadline | an NOW OBSOLETE provision that had been passed to say that the vice president would take position as president if the electoral college took too long for the president, and this provision was superceded by the 20th amendment. |
| Abolition def | legally destroying or final act of ending something politically. |
| personal service | the serving of a person due to either debt owed or labor contracts. |
| Military Draft | a forced application to the militia issued by the govt. (is not slavery, but forced drafting) |
| Naturalized persons | foreign-born individuals who acquire citizenship after birth |
| no state shal deprive a person of life, liberty, and property without due process. | the due process laws clause: ensures that all accused persons can defend themselves in a court of law |
| apportionment of rpresentatives | the proceess of dividing the 435 seats in the house of representatives to different states |
| inhabitants of a state | citizens of the US |
| No engagement in an insurrection | the gvernment cannot engage in or prevent you from violently urising against the government. |
| Validity of public debt | The public debt is collected by GOVERNMENT could not be questioned by the south, but CONFERDERACY debt (ie compensation from the loss of slaves) may NOT be collected. |
| Suffrage | the right to vote or participate in a political election. |
| State restrictions on voting: Poll Taxes, Literacy tests, and White primaries | 1.Poll taxes- fixed, per-person fees levied by the government for voting. 2. Literacy tests- state-imposed exams to test ability to read and write. 3. White Primaries- discriminatory practice where only white people could vote or run for office. |
| Grandfather clauses | a legal or existing provision exempting existing situations from new or changed laws. |
| Graduated | more money or income = greater taxes you have to pay |
| Income tax | financial charge or direct tax on income levied by the government for debt collection. |
| Levy (levied) tax | to post a form of tax |
| Direct election | directly voted position using ballots, often categorized to pollitical parties |
| senators | members of the US Senate, elected or appointed to their position. |
| cut down on corruption | the power to elect / vote must be always given to the people to avoid power corruption. |
| senatorial term of office | 6 years, and 1/3 of the Senate seats are regulaarly contested. |
| qualifications for being a member of state Senate. | 1. min age 30, 2. candidates must live in the district/state they represent. 3. must have citizenship. |
| vacancies | during empty seats (vacancies) in Senate, the state shall pass Writs to fill those slots. |
| National prohibition | banned and not allowed anywhere in the US |
| Alcoholic beverages | intoxicating, incapacitating, or mind-altering drinks that contain alcohol |
| Women's Suffrage | the right to vote in pollitical elections for women |
| Landmark victory | during the ratification of this amendment, the victory was celebrated nationwide as women could now vote. |
| the rights of citizens will not be denied or abridged by any state or the US | the government does not have the power to deny us our rights and liberties, including the right to vote. |
| 1st state to grant women the right to vote: | Wyoming, the "quality state" |
| 2 purposes of the lame duck amendment | 1. to shorten the amount of time between election and the inauguration. (both pres. and vice pres.) 2. to end "lame duck" sessions in congress |
| March 4th | the ORIGINAL inauguration date for main and vice president. |
| January 20th | the ACTUAL present-day inauguration date for president and vice president (ie present- day "Inaguration Day") |
| Presidential inaguration | when the president and vice president are sworn into office. (ie Jan 20th) |
| Lame-Duck Congressional sessions | used to occur every 2 years after the November elections of congress for new members of Congress and how they plan to do things. |
| Congress shall assemble | Congress is required to assemble on Jan 3rd unless appointed to a different day |
| Jan 3rd | the day Congress assembles unless appointed to a different day. |
| Repeal | officialy cancel, undo |
| National prohibition | nationally not allowed or prevented |
| nullified | legally cancelling something. |
| Limit? | the president is limited to a specific # of terms in office |
| custom set by Washington and Thomas Jefferson- 2 term tradition | it had been started by those two presidents, and continued by James madison, a only 2-term presidential session. |
| requirements to run (president) | 1.natural born citizen 2. 35 years old 3. a resident for 14 years. |
| Franklin Delano Rooselvelt (FDR) breaking the 2-term tradition | when he was president, he served more than 2 years in office, breaking the tradition. |
| no president is indespensable | no president can be considered too important to be irriplacible. |
| succeeds the presidency purpose | If a president serves for 2 terms without an election, that can run for no more full terms. |
| Presidential Electors? | the people in the states that elect the president (ie electoral college) |
| District of Columbia : 3 electoral votes | their casts are worth 3 electoral votes, even though DC is not a state |
| the people of DC were without representation (ie senators, house of rep, and unable to vote or president) because they were not living in a us state! | that is true, and this part of the amendment was published so that they had taxation WITH representation and could vote, even though they are not a US state. |
| abolition | legally destroying or getting rid of |
| Poll Tax | the poll tax was a tax levied to voters in the south, insuring that nobody could vote due to the amount of money imposed to it. |
| the rights of the people CANNOT and WILL NOT be abridged or denied by the government for failure to pay any tax. (true or false) | true |
| Presidential disability | 1. Death 2.Assassination 3. Incapacitation 4. Mental impairment / mental incapacitation 5. impeachment 6. retirement 7. resignation |
| presidential succession | during vacancy of the presidential position, the vice president will be appointed president. |
| a vacancy in the white house | a major political position (ie president) being vacant or unavailable. |
| how often was the VICE-PRESIDENTIAL office vacant in history? | 18 times! |
| Richard Millhouse Nixon and Spiro T. Agnew (ie Watergate scandal) what was it? | a political crisis steeming from a 1972 break-in of democratic headquarters ultimately leading to Spiro Agnew resigning from office due to fear of discovery for his tax fraud. |
| Gerald Ford and Spiro T. agnew | Gerald Ford tookm position as president after Spiro T. Agnew resigned. |
| Accidently president and vice president? | a candidate suddenly moved to position after vacancy in white house, the "accidental" part comes from the fact that no citizens elected that newly aappointed official. |
| New eligibility (eighteen Year old Vote) | new eligibility for voting switched to 18 due to the claim of "being old enough to go to war, so why not old enough to vote?" |
| new eligibility: regions of voting | Presidential elections, legislative elections, and congressional elections |
| previous minimum age to vote before this amendment? | 21 years old |
| Us Congress: names of both houses. | 1. senate (ie 50 members) 2. house of rep. (ie 435 members) |
| Restraint, subsequent session (ie salaries) | Congress may hold session to discuss income or pay increase, but they must wait a full year for their new income to take effect. |
| Purpose of the 11th amendment | protects states from being sued in federal court by citizens of other states or foreign countries, establishing state sovereign immunity, meaning a state can't be hauled into federal court without its consent. |
| Purpose of the 12th amendment | 1. to fix flaws in the original presidential election system, primarily by requiring electors to cast separate ballots for President and Vice President 2. preventing ties between political opponents, and streamlining contingent elections in Congress |
| Purpose of the 13th amendment | to permanently end the institution of slavery, covering all states and territories, and to grant Congress the power to enforce this abolition. |
| Purpose of the 14th amendment | to guarantee citizenship rights and equal legal protection to formerly enslaved people after the Civil War. |
| Purpose of the 15th amendment | prohibit the federal government and states from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". |
| Purpose of the 16th amendment | to grant Congress the power to levy a federal income tax without apportioning it among states by population, |
| Purpose of the 17th amendment | organizing and regulating senatorial election |
| Purpose of the 18th amendment | an original abolishment of the transportation, selling, and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages inside the US. |
| Purpose of the 19th amendmnet | to guarantee women the right to vote in the US. |
| Purpose of the 20th amendment | to shorten the "lame-duck" period between presidential/congressional elections and their start of terms, setting the Presidential inauguration for January 20th (from March 4th) and Congress's session for January 3rd (from March 4th). |
| Purpose of the 21st amendment | repeal of the the 18th Amendment, officially ending the nationwide prohibition of alcohol in the United States. |
| Purpose of the 22nd amendment | limits the number of times a person can be elected to the office of President of the United States to two, and sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents who succeed to the unexpired terms of their predecessors. |
| Purpose of the 23rd amendmnet | grant residents of the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) the right to vote in U.S. Presidential elections by giving them electoral votes, treating the District as if it were a state |
| Purpose of the 24th amendment | outlawing the poll tax as a voting requirement in federal elections. |
| Purpose of the 25th amendment | to establish what is to be done for presidential vacancy and succession. |
| Purpose of the 26th amendment | lower the national voting age from 21 to 18, ensuring that citizens old enough to be drafted to fight in wars, like the Vietnam War, were also old enough to vote. |
| Purpose of the 27th amendment | prevent Congress from giving itself immediate pay raises, requiring that any changes to congressional compensation do not take effect until after the next election for Representatives. |
| confederacy | Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway nation of 11 Southern U.S. states that seceded from the Union between 1860 and 1861. |
| confederacy-where was it? | southern states |
Created by:
26jcaudill