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CompExam1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Britain | protestant, parliamentarian, industrialized, capitalist, "world superpower," established Eng lang/culture |
| France | key elements: military, codified laws (courts), and taxation authority (treasury), extreme inequality leading to political theater and strike-oriented culture, feudalism masking as capitalism |
| Germany | central geographically to EU but makes it hard to defend, constant dem backsliding then recovery, moved from slow to industrialize to economic superpower |
| Spain | isolated geographically from 'west,' after WWII lingering fascism of Franco left them shunned, ignored by UN, no help from Marshall Plan, 'econ miracle' 1970s led to most permissive democracies |
| Hayak economic beliefs | laissez-faire economics, when econ is bad leave it alone and it will self correct, Newtonian 'what goes up must go down' |
| Keynes economic beliefs | interventionalist economics, markets driven by demand not wages; effective demand being key > eff demand + confidence in econ = rapid growth and high gov investment = high confidence in econ |
| effective demand | the amount that consumers are willing to pay for goods as it determines the output and employment in a given economy, Keynesian idea |
| Louis XIV characteristics | physical symbols of wealth (inability to do labor in this state of dress), undermining local authorities to centralize power in national |
| German ruler progression | Reich 1: Middle Ages to early 18th cent; Reich 2/Bismark: 1871-1918 WW!; Weimar Republic: 1918-1933 up to WWII |
| Bismark political strategy | banned socialists and established "welfare state" (assuring pensions, healthcare, etc) to keep workers down, but was conservative in reality |
| Beveridge Report (1942) | following WWI, world advice that welfare states reduce class conflict (obv Bismark knew this) |
| Marshall Plan | US investment post-WWII to maintain German democracy, other states funded but only on basis of democratization and potential interest in their territory from Russia (Cold War) |
| Spain econ progression | 1950s virtually bankrupt > 1959 Stabilization Plan lots of austerity/cuts which drove out workers in huge waves, brain drain > 1970s Economic Miracle Franco dies and King Juan Carlos democratizes > 1981 attempted coup > 1982 gen election, moderate left |
| Brain Drain | unintended consequence in aftermath of Spain Stabilization Plan which drove workers to emigrate in large masses post-austerity/cuts, migrants experienced extreme xenophobia abroad |
| front benchers | Britain: heads of parties, large portfolios, ascended based on merit and history of party loyalty, seniority matters |
| back benchers | junior members, small portfolios, incentivized to engage in party politics to rise ranks |
| shadow government | party in opopsition, keeping counter-parts accountable by pointing out short-comings |
| number of Britain districts | 650 districts, 1 member per district |
| winner takes all | "first past the post" all that matters (Britain, Italy partial) |
| party lists | Dutch system, parties submit candidates, voters vote in single constituency, seats divided based on proportionality of vote for party (and candidate w/i party?) |
| number of Dutch districts and threshold for party | 1 district, 0.67% threshold for inclusion on party lists |
| hung parliament | equal division of parties, no one in or out, incentive to work in coalition to break impasse |
| double ballot | French and German, in France voted on at different times (essentially works like runoff?), Germany votes twice at same time, preferential voting for main fav party, second voting for major party (coalition building) |
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