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x-ray imaging system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the current from a wall outlet in the US? | The current from a wall outlet in the US is 60 Hz alternating current. |
| What type of current do x-ray tubes require? | X-ray tubes require alternating current (AC). |
| What do rectifiers permit current to do? | Rectifiers permit current to only flow in one direction due to diodes. |
| What flows from anode to cathode? | Electrons flow from cathode to anode. |
| What are the components for rectification in modern imaging systems? | The components for rectification in modern imaging systems are solid state semiconductors. |
| What does rectification convert? | Rectification converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). |
| What are the two types of semiconductors used? | The two types of semiconductors used are n-type and p-type. |
| When does current flow through the x-ray tube with half-wave rectification? | With half-wave rectification, the current flows through the x-ray tube during the positive part of the cycle. |
| What is the main advantage of using full-wave rectification? | The main advantage of using full-wave rectification is that half the exposure time can be used. |
| How often does pulsed x-ray output of single phase, full-wave rectification occur? | Pulsed x-ray output occurs 120 times per second. |
| What type of voltage is seen in the x-ray tube image? | The type of voltage seen in the image is full-wave. |
| What determines the kilovoltage across the x-ray tube during an exposure? | Thermionic emission at the filament determines the kilovoltage across the x-ray tube during an exposure. |
| What does the high voltage generator contain? | The high voltage generator contains the high voltage transformer, the autotransformer, and the timer. |
| How is x-ray tube current usually measured? | X-ray tube current is usually measured in milliamperes (mA). |
| What do transformers operate on? | Transformers only operate on alternating current (AC). |
| What are the three main parts of the x-ray imaging system? | The three main parts of the x-ray imaging system are the x-ray tube, the operating console, and the high voltage generator. |
| What does radiation refer to in the context of x-ray imaging? | Radiation refers to the number of x-rays or the intensity of the x-ray beam and is controlled by quantity, measured in mAs. |
| What does quality refer to in radiation? | Quality refers to the penetrability of the x-ray beam and is expressed in kilovolts peak (kVp). |
| What is used to adjust variations of incoming voltage for consistent radiographic quality? | A line compensator is used to adjust variations of the incoming voltage. |
| What protects against short circuits and electric shock in the x-ray circuit? | A circuit breaker is placed in the primary circuit to protect against short circuits and electric shock. |
| What is the principal purpose of the autotransformer? | The principal purpose of the autotransformer is to adjust voltage. |
| What is the autotransformer law? | The autotransformer law states that Vs/Ns = Vp/Np, where Vs is the secondary voltage, Ns is the number of secondary turns, Vp is the primary voltage, and Np is the number of primary turns. |
| What is the output voltage across secondary turns if 220 V is supplied to 800 primary turns? | If 220 V is supplied to 800 primary turns, the output voltage across 200 secondary turns will be 55 V. |
| What can the autotransformer be used to do? | The autotransformer can be used to increase kVp. |
| What is the autotransformer sometimes called? | The autotransformer is sometimes called the mA selector, kVp selector, X-ray maker, or Widow maker. |
| What does radiation quality refer to? | Radiation quality refers to the penetrability of the x-ray beam and is expressed in kVp. |
| What determines the output voltage of the autotransformer? | The kVp selection determines the output voltage of the autotransformer. |
| How many windings does the autotransformer have? | The autotransformer has two windings. |
| What is used to adjust the variations of the incoming voltage for consistent radiographic quality? | The line compensator is used to adjust the variations of the incoming voltage. |
| What circuit provides electrons for the x-ray tube current? | The high voltage circuit provides electrons for the x-ray tube current. |
| What does thermionic emission at the filament determine? | Thermionic emission at the filament determines the milliamperage (mA). |
| Where is a step-down transformer located? | A step-down transformer is located in the filament circuit. |
| What is the most accurate type of timer? | The most accurate type of timer is the electronic timer. |
| When does the automatic exposure control (AEC) terminate the exposure? | The AEC terminates the exposure when sufficient radiation reaches the image receptor. |
| What is the mAs timer usually set to give? | The mAs timer is usually set to give the highest mA at the shortest time. |
| How much does the step-up transformer increase voltage? | The step-up transformer increases voltage by 200-300 times. |
| What components are contained in the high voltage generator? | The high voltage generator contains the high voltage transformer, timer, and rectifiers. |
| What is the difference in the waveform between the primary and secondary sides of the high voltage transformer? | The difference in the waveform is frequency. |
| What does the filament transformer do? | The filament transformer increases current. |
| How is the filament circuit structured? | The filament circuit begins at the filament and ends at the filament. |
| How is filament current usually measured? | Filament current is usually measured in amperes (A). |
| What is the mA selector on the operating console known as? | The mA selector is known as a rheostat. |
| What type of current do transformers operate on? | Transformers only operate on alternating current (AC). |
| What is thermionic emission? | Thermionic emission is the release of electrons from a heated filament. |
| How many rectifiers are required for three-phase, 6 pulse power? | Six rectifiers are required for three-phase, 6 pulse power. |
| What is the most commonly used form of power today? | The most commonly used form of power today is high frequency generator. |
| What is the formula for power rating? | The formula for power rating is Power = Current x Potential. |
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