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structure of matter
and atomic theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the word 'atom' mean? | The word 'atom' is derived from the Greek word 'atomos', meaning 'indivisible'. |
| Who theorized that elements were made up of identical atoms? | John Dalton, an English chemist in the early 1880s. |
| What is the 'plum pudding model' associated with? | The 'plum pudding model' is associated with JJ Thomson. |
| What is the smallest particle that has all the properties of an element? | The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is an atom. |
| Who developed the periodic table of elements? | Dmitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table of elements in the late 19th century. |
| What model describes a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons? | The Bohr model describes a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined orbits. |
| What are the fundamental particles of an atom? | The fundamental particles of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
| What determines the chemical element of an atom? | The chemical element is determined by the number of protons in the atom. |
| What is the electrical charge of an atom in a normal state? | An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of zero. |
| What represents the binding energies or energy levels of electrons? | The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their shells. |
| What is an atom that loses or gains one or more electrons called? | An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is called an ion. |
| How is the maximum number of electrons in an electron shell calculated? | The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula 2n². |
| What does a neutral atom have in equal numbers? | A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons. |
| What letter symbolizes the innermost electron shell? | The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter K. |
| What letter symbolizes the atomic number of an element? | The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter Z. |
| What is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation? | The least penetrating form of ionizing radiation is the alpha particle. |
| What is the dense center of the atom made up of? | The dense center of the atom is made up of protons and neutrons. |
| Who helped establish the organization of the atom through experimentation with alpha particles? | Ernest Rutherford helped establish the organization of the atom through experimentation with alpha particles. |
| What atomic particle is the largest in terms of mass? | The neutron is the largest atomic particle in terms of mass. |
| What particle has no charge? | The neutron is the particle that has no charge. |
| What does the letter 'A' represent in atomic terms? | The letter 'A' represents the atomic mass number. |
| Which shell is closest to the nucleus? | The K shell is closest to the nucleus. |
| What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 'P' shell? | The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 'P' shell is 6. |
| Who was a famous Greek philosopher who believed all atoms were indivisible? | Democritus was a famous Greek philosopher who believed all atoms were indivisible. |
| Who discovered the electron while experimenting with the cathode ray tube? | JJ Thomson discovered the electron while experimenting with the cathode ray tube. |
| Define alpha particle | Least penetrating form of ionizing radiation |
| Define atom | Smallest unit of matter with all properties of an element |
| What determines atomic number? | Number of protons |
| What is the symbol for atomic number? | The letter Z |
| Define binding energy | The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| What keeps electrons in orbit? | Centripetal force |
| Define covalent bond | A bond of 2 atoms that share electrons |
| Who formalized the earliest atomic theory? | Democritus |
| Define electron | Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus |
| How are elements identified? | The number of protons |
| What did Ernest Rutherford experiment with? | Alpha particles and gold |
| What does the Greek word "atomos" mean? | Indivisible |
| Define isotope | An atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Who is responsible for the plum pudding model? | JJ Thompson |
| Define principle quantum number | The number of shells in an atom |
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