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electromagnetic
energy and radiation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the role of a radiographer in relation to radiation? | To be familiar with different types of radiation and educate patients about risks and benefits. |
| What is electromagnetic energy? | Energy present everywhere, existing over a wide range, including X-rays, visible light, and radiofrequencies. |
| What are the four properties of electromagnetic radiation? | Frequency, wavelength, velocity, and amplitude. |
| What does the wave equation describe? | The behavior of electromagnetic radiation. |
| What is a photon? | The smallest quantity of electromagnetic energy, described as a small bundle of energy called a quantum. |
| What is the speed of light in meters per second? | 3 x 10^8 m/s (approximately 186,000 miles per second). |
| What is amplitude in relation to a sine wave? | One-half the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies. |
| How is frequency defined? | The rate of rise and fall, usually measured in hertz (Hz), indicating cycles per second. |
| What is wavelength? | The distance from one crest to another or from one valley to another in a sine wave. |
| What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? | As frequency increases, wavelength decreases; they are inversely proportional. |
| What is the wave equation for electromagnetic energy? | C = fλ, where C is the speed of light, f is frequency, and λ is wavelength. |
| What is the electromagnetic spectrum? | A way of ordering different electromagnetic radiations from lowest to highest energy. |
| What are the three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum important to Radiologic Science? | Visible light, X and gamma radiation, and radiofrequency (RF). |
| What is the range of photon wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum? | Approximately 10^7 to 10^-16 meters. |
| What is the unit of measurement for frequency? | Hertz (Hz). |
| What is refraction? | The deviation in the line of travel of light when it passes from one medium to another. |
| What are the two types of invisible light contained in sunlight? | Infrared light and ultraviolet light. |
| What is the wavelength range for visible light? | Approximately 400 nm for violet to 700 nm for red. |
| What is radiofrequency (RF)? | A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum described by frequency, covering communication broadcasts. |
| What is the significance of the electron volt (eV) in relation to x-rays? | It is a unit of energy used to describe x-rays. |
| What happens to the energy of a photon as its frequency increases? | The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. |
| What is the relationship between velocity, frequency, and wavelength? | Velocity is constant; as wavelength decreases, frequency increases proportionately. |
| What is a sine wave? | A wave that represents variations of amplitude over time, commonly found in nature. |
| What is the historical significance of Roentgen's discovery in 1895? | He discovered x-rays by applying an electric potential across a Crookes tube. |
| What is the effect of increasing frequency on wavelength? | Increasing frequency results in a decrease in wavelength. |
| What is the primary way visible light is described by optical physicists? | In terms of wavelength. |
| What is the importance of understanding electromagnetic energy for radiographers? | To safely use it for medical imaging purposes and educate patients. |
| What is the wavelength of AM radio? | 100 meters |
| What type of radiation is characterized by very short wavelengths? | Microwave Radiation |
| What is the primary use of microwave radiation? | Cell phone communication, highway speed monitoring, medical diathermy, and hot dog preparation. |
| What is the energy range of X-rays produced in an imaging system at 80 kVp? | 0 - 80 keV |
| What distinguishes X-rays from gamma rays? | X-rays are emitted from the electron cloud of an atom; gamma rays come from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. |
| What is the difference between beta particles and electrons? | Beta particles come from the nucleus, while electrons come from outside the nucleus. |
| How is visible light identified? | By wavelength. |
| What is the significance of X-rays in radiography? | They are fundamental to producing a high-quality radiograph. |
| What happens to light when it strikes an object? | It sets the object's molecules into vibration, and some energy is re-emitted as another photon of light. |
| What are the three degrees of interaction between light and an absorbing material? | Transparency, translucency, and opacity. |
| What does the Inverse Square Law state about light intensity? | Intensity decreases rapidly with distance from the source, inversely proportional to the square of the distance. |
| What is the range of X-ray energy typically measured in? | Electron volts (eV), ranging from 10 KeV to 50 MeV. |
| What is Planck's Quantum Equation? | E = hf, where E is photon energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is photon frequency. |
| What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state? | Matter can be neither created nor destroyed. |
| What is the equation that relates energy and mass in relativity? | E = mc², where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the velocity of light. |
| What is the relationship between photon energy and wavelength? | Photon energy is inversely proportional to photon wavelength; longer wavelengths have lower energy. |
| What are radiopaque structures? | Structures that absorb X-rays, such as bone. |
| What are radiolucent structures? | Structures that transmit X-rays, such as lung tissue. |
| What is electromagnetic energy attenuation? | The reduction in intensity that results from scattering and absorption. |
| What happens to energy when light waves are absorbed? | The energy is deposited in the absorber and reappears as heat. |
| What is the significance of the photon wavelength size in interaction with matter? | Photons interact most easily with matter approximately the same size as their wavelength. |
| What is the effect of roughening glass on light transmission? | It becomes translucent, scattering and reducing the intensity of transmitted light. |
| What is the relationship between frequency and photon energy according to Planck's equation? | Photon energy is directly proportional to photon frequency. |
| What is the energy of a photon measured in? | Electron volts (eV). |
| What is the role of X-ray photons in medical imaging? | They behave more like particles than waves and are essential for creating images. |
| What is the maximum frequency range for X-rays? | From 10^18 to 10^22 Hz. |
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