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basic physics
and mathematics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a fraction? | A numeric value expressed by dividing one number by another, resulting in a quotient. |
| How do you add or subtract fractions? | Find a common denominator, then add or subtract the numerators. |
| What is the process for multiplying fractions? | Multiply the numerators and denominators directly. |
| How do you divide fractions? | Invert the second fraction and multiply. |
| What is the decimal equivalent of 3/10? | 0.3 |
| How do you convert fractions to decimals when the denominator is not a power of 10? | By performing division or using a calculator. |
| When adding or subtracting decimals, how should you round? | Round to the same number of decimal places as the entry with the least number of digits to the right of the decimal point. |
| What is the standard unit of length in the metric system? | Meter (m) |
| What is Planck's constant? | Symbolized by h, h = 6.63 x 10^-34 J s |
| What are the three basic measurable quantities in physics? | Length, Mass, Time |
| What is mass density? | Mass divided by volume (m/l^3) |
| What is velocity? | A measure of how fast something is moving or the rate of change of its position with time. |
| What is the standard unit of mass? | Kilogram (kg) |
| What is the derived quantity for volume? | Length cubed (l^3) |
| What is the standard unit of time? | Second (s) |
| What is the formula for multiplying numbers in exponential form? | 10^x x 10^y = 10^(x+y) |
| What happens when you divide numbers in exponential form? | 10^x / 10^y = 10^(x-y) |
| What is the inverse of a number in exponential form? | 10^-x = 1/10^x |
| What is the significance of the origin in graphing? | It is the point where the x-axis and y-axis meet, labeled as 0. |
| What are coordinates in graphing? | Points represented as ordered pairs (x,y), indicating distances along the x-axis and y-axis. |
| What is the unit for exposure in radiologic science? | C/kg (Coulombs per kilogram) |
| What is the unit for dose in radiologic science? | J/kg (Grayt) |
| What is the unit for effective dose in radiologic science? | J/kg (Sievert) |
| What is the unit for radioactivity in radiologic science? | s^-1 (Becquerel) |
| What does mechanics study? | The behavior of objects at rest (static) and in motion (dynamics). |
| What is acceleration? | The rate of change of velocity. |
| What are the SI units of velocity? | Meters per second (m/s). |
| What is the formula for average velocity? | v = (v0 + vf) / 2, where v0 is initial velocity and vf is final velocity. |
| What is the unit of acceleration? | Meters per second squared (m/s²). |
| What does Newton's first law state? | A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted on by an external force. |
| What is inertia? | The property of matter that resists changes in its state of motion. |
| What is Newton's second law? | The force (F) acting on an object is equal to the mass (m) of the object multiplied by the acceleration (a) produced: F = ma. |
| What is the SI unit of force? | Newton (N). |
| What does Newton's third law state? | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| What is weight? | Weight is the force on a body caused by the pull of gravity on it. |
| What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? | 9.8 m/s². |
| What is the formula for weight? | Wt = mg, where m is mass and g is the acceleration due to gravity. |
| What is momentum? | Momentum is the product of the mass of an object and its velocity, represented by p: p = mv. |
| What is work in physics? | Work is the force applied times the distance over which it is applied: W = Fd. |
| What is the unit of work? | Joule (J). |
| What is power? | Power is the rate of doing work, calculated as P = Work/t. |
| What is the SI unit of power? | Watt (W), which is equivalent to joules per second (J/s). |
| What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state? | Energy may be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed; the total amount of energy is constant. |
| What is kinetic energy? | Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of an object, expressed as KE = 1/2 mv². |
| What is potential energy? | Potential energy is the stored energy of position or configuration, expressed as PE = mgh. |
| What is heat? | Heat is the kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules. |
| What are the three methods of heat transfer? | Conduction, convection, and radiation. |
| What is the unit of heat? | Calorie. |
| What is temperature? | Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. |
| What are the three scales to measure temperature? | Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K). |
| How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? | TF = (9/5 TC) + 32. |
| What is the approximate conversion from °F to °C? | Subtract 30 and divide by 2. |
| What is the approximate conversion from °C to °F? | Double and then add 30. |
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