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Musicology Jan 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transatlantic slave trade | Ongoing from 1600s-1808 |
| Slave society vs society with slaves | Slavery being the dominant form of labor shapes social relationships and everything around it vs slavery exists but it's not the only form of labor |
| Presentism | Judging the past based on present values |
| New Orleans | Was a society with slaves until the U.S bought it and turned it into a slave society |
| Religion reflected in slavery | Conversion catalyzed by Great Awakening of 1730s-1740s and social barriers of segregation were brought down to some extent |
| Slave bible | Heavily edited edition that instilled obedience in slaves |
| 1803-1804 | Haitian revolution (caused an increase in slavery restriction in the U.S out of fear of slavery revolt also happening in the U.S) |
| Latin America | Had a major impact on U.S slavery |
| Richard Allen | Wrote hymnal 1801 which was important for Black spiritual music |
| Characteristics of black spiritual music | Call and response, bent or "blues" notes, timbral variations, retains African American cultural practices, ring shout as space for transmission of ideas |
| Slave music making was | Typically tied to events (would do it on Sundays with songs such as Work Song and Field Holler) |
| Stealing Away | Multiple meanings of this-meant slaves would steal back time for their own lives away from the plantation |
| Frolics | Would steal food overtime to bring to these parties |
| "Old Way" Harmony | Lining out, one or few require literacy, interpretation/individuality matter |
| "Regular Way" Harmony | Notated, discipline, order and solemnity, rise of singing schools (which required 2-3 months of training) |
| Singing school | Arose from a desire for discipline + solemnity (mostly religious until the early 19th century->important social place) |
| Importance of music rather than verses | Performance of the notes and its accuracy became a central focus |
| Ainsworth Psalter | Published 1612 |
| Bay Psalm Book | Published 1640 |
| Urania | Published 1761 (mostly English tunes) |
| Stamp Act | 1765 |
| Boston Massacre | 1770 |
| Boston Tea Party | 1773 |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774 |
| Revolutionary War | 1775 |
| Declaration of Independence | 1776 |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783 |
| William Billings (1746-1800) | Tanner, wrote "New England Psalm-Singer"/"American Chorister" |
| "New England Psalm-Singer"/"American Chorister" | Published 1770, names based off towns in England, 127 OG compositions, 1st book of all American music, doesn't follow renaissance music writing rules |
| Why does William Billings write "New England Psalm-Singer"/"American Chorister"? | As a way to engage with and represent America |
| What else does William Billings write? | Lamentation over Boston, and "The Singing Master's Assistant or Key to Practical Music" (written in 1778 and believed to be a stronger work) |
| Psalmody | Not entirely sacred but does include sacred imagery |
| Music of Anglican church | Organs imported=expensive, very religious |
| Ephrata Cloister | German-speaking, used soprano lines as foundation |
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