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Biology 2 - C01 - 06
🧬⚡BIO02 Module 1 — Rapid Recall Set 2 — 06
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is CRISPR-Cas9? | A gene-editing tool using guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease. |
| What is a GMO? | An organism whose genome has been altered using genetic engineering. |
| How is insulin produced using recombinant DNA? | Human insulin gene inserted into bacteria; bacteria express insulin. |
| What is DNA fingerprinting? | A technique using STRs to identify individuals. |
| What is gene therapy? | The insertion of functional genes to treat genetic disorders. |
| What is gene drive? | A system that increases the chance a gene is inherited. |
| What are off-target effects? | Unintended DNA modifications caused by gene-editing tools. |
| Why use cDNA instead of genomic DNA? | cDNA lacks introns, so bacteria can express it. |
| How can CRISPR correct a mutation? | gRNA targets site; Cas9 cuts; repair template fixes sequence. |
| Why must restriction enzymes create compatible ends? | To allow correct base-pairing for ligation. |
| Why is heat-shock used in transformation? | It increases membrane permeability for DNA entry. |
| Compare electroporation and heat-shock. | Electroporation uses electric pulses; heat-shock uses temperature shifts. |
| Why is blue-white screening useful? | White colonies indicate successful insertion. |
| What do white colonies indicate? | lacZ disrupted → recombinant plasmid present. |
| Purpose of recombinant DNA technology. | To combine DNA from different sources for new genetic combinations. |