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Patho Quiz 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sharp pleuritic pain that increases when she takes deep breaths, and she says her heart is “racing.” What condition might she be experiencing? | Pericarditis |
| Dr. Trang was unable to confirm her diagnosis of a client with myocarditis with an ECG. What might she order to get a clearer picture of the abnormalities? | Holter monitor |
| What causes mitral valve insufficiency? | Blood backflows into the left atrium. |
| What are the three common types of aneurysms? | Abdominal, thoracic, and peripheral |
| Gerald has a pacemaker and needs to have dental work, including a root canal and a crown. Are there any precautions that Gerald should take? | For protection from any bacterial infection from the procedures, antibiotic therapy should begin prior to the procedures. |
| Lucile calls your medical clinic asking to speak with the nurse. You are an LPN who takes the call. Lucile is asking how long angina pain should last before she becomes alarmed. What will you tell her? | “If you have had the pain 30 minutes or longer, let me call 911 for you.” |
| What is atrial fibrillation? | The two atria beat irregularly, rapidly, and out of rhythm with the ventricles. |
| What is the “classic” symptom of myocardial infarction? | Crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, and jaw |
| What are automated external defibrillators (AEDs)? | Instruments programmed to give an electric shock only when necessary; can be used by anyone |
| When there is an inflammation with abnormal vegetations in the membrane lining the heart valves, what is the disease called? | Endocarditis |
| What is the major danger of both the abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms? | The possible rupture of the aneurysm, causing hemorrhage and shock |
| You are a smoker, take oral contraceptives, and are 50 pounds overweight. Your employment keeps you at a desk all day. What can you do to prevent thrombophlebitis? | Wear support hose, take several “walk” breaks during the day, try to lose weight, and stop smoking |
| Where are varicose veins most likely to occur? | Greater and lesser saphenous veins |
| Lucile is working in the lab examining blood cells in the microscope. She is seeing many unusually small, hemoglobin-poor RBCs that are lighter in color than usual. What might she be viewing? | Iron-deficiency anemia due to inadequate reserves of iron in the body |
| What is the possible cause of low reticulocyte counts in blood tests? | Aplastic anemia |
| What is the initial treatment of pernicious anemia? | Injections of vitamin B12 |
| Keith has been diagnosed with AML; he is 74 and suffers from diabetes and hypertension. What might his prognosis be? | Poor; generally a survival of only 1 year after diagnosis |
| What complementary therapies might be useful in treating any of the leukemias? | Any therapies to reduce effects of chemotherapy |
| Lymphosarcomas or non-Hodgkin lymphomas are seen in more persons per year than any of the blood and lymph cancers. What do you recall about these diseases? | They are characterized by five different types. |
| In your study of this chapter, can you identify characteristics, largely preventable, that may make a person more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases? | High-fat diet, distress, obesity, no exercise, and smoking |
| The best way to describe heart murmur to your patient is: | They are irregular sounds heard when listening to the heartbeat. |
| What are the vague symptoms for primary hypertension? | Tinnitus and light-headedness |
| What are the best diagnostic tools for coronary artery disease? | An ECG, stress test, CT scan, and an MRA |
| What is the easiest description for congestive heart failure? | The heart’s pumping ability is impaired to the point that bodily needs are not met. |
| compare/contrast to your friend the difference between a heart attack with cardiac arrest | A heart attack signals blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle; cardiac arrest is sudden loss of heartbeat, pulse, and respiration. |
| The medical term for weakening of the wall that result in local dilation of an artery or chamber of the heart | Aneurysm |
| accumulation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of large- and medium-sized arteries is called: | Atherosclerosis |
| Painless enlargement of the lymph nodes and spleen is considered as which neoplastic malignancy of the lymphatic system? | Hodgkin lymphoma |
| Tary has swelling in her extremities due to abnormal accumulation lymph, this is called: | Lymphedema |
| What are the specific symptoms for MI in women? | Discomfort, nausea, shortness of breath, indigestion, and fatigue |
| Molly, a college student, was just diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. What causes this disease? | The Epstein-Barr virus |
| How are the three main classifications of pneumonia different? | One is lobular, another is bacterial, and the third causes lung scarring. |
| Ken has learned he has a lung abscess. In what part of the lung is this abscess most likely found? | Right lower lobe |
| Ginger fractured a rib in a snowboarding fall and developed a traumatic pneumothorax. What treatment will she need? | A chest tube is inserted for drainage, allowing the collapsed lung to expand. |
| What is the classic symptom of pleurisy? | Sharp, stabbing chest pain |
| How are persons who have a positive tuberculin reaction treated? | They are given a year of isoniazid prophylactically. |
| What diseases are classified as pneumoconiosis? | Silicosis, asbestosis, berylliosis, and anthracosis |
| What causes anthracosis? | Inhaling coal dust |
| What statistical data is known about lung cancer? | It is the leading cancer killer for both men and women. |
| Ahmed is 6 years old. He has had several bouts of acute tonsillitis in the past 2 years. What is the most common treatment for recurrent tonsillitis? | Tonsillectomy |
| What is the name given when excessive alkalinity of body fluids is caused by excessive removal of CO2 by the lungs? | Hypocapnia |
| What causes SIDS? | The cause is unknown; there are no symptoms, and it occurs in infants aged 1 to 12 months. |
| Helen has severe congenital kyphoscoliosis that received little or no treatment. Now in her early 30s, the right ventricle of her heart is failing. What name is given to this disease? | Cor pulmonale |
| Audrey has severe obstructive sleep apnea. The CPAP machine was unsuccessful in giving her more than 4 hours of sleep at night. Finally she was referred to a specialist. Can you name the specialist and the possible treatment? | A dentist certified in sleep apnea created an oral appliance for Audrey to wear at night. |
| Phyllis shows all the signs of chronic allergic rhinitis—nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and the “allergic shiners.” What treatment is likely indicated by the PCP? | Avoid the allergen, steroid nasal spray, and immunotherapy |
| Wilson brings his 8-year-old son into the clinic for yet another bout of the most common throat ailment. What is this aliment? | Pharyngitis |
| What makes epiglottitis a medical emergency? | The epiglottis covers the windpipe and blocks the flow of air. |
| What is the name of the disease caused by bacteria that thrives in warm places such as hot tubs, cooling towers, and parts of air-conditioning systems that is so difficult for those with COPD? | Legionella pneumonia |
| Keith’s pulmonologist has just told him that his respiratory issues now classify as COPD. What respiratory issues create COPD? | Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema |
| Max is only 4 months old and just got over a bad cold. But now he has a terrible cough that is high-pitched. He is anxious; it seems like he can’t breathe right. His mom is terrified and she rushes Max to the ER. What might be happening here? | Max has croup. He is sent home; his mom is told to provide lots of liquids (even Popsicles), use a cool humidifier in his room, and try having him sit in his infant seat to sleep. |
| What is the cause of inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli of the lungs? | Pneumonia |
| Roy worked many years in the boiler room at the local university and was exposed to asbestos during the war. He now has cancer of the sac lining the pleural cavity. What is the name of this cancer? | Malignant pleural mesothelioma |
| What is the name of the slowly developing bacterial lung infection characterized by progressive necrosis of lung tissue? | Pulmonary TB |
| What is it called when there is a collapse or airless condition of all or part of a lung, causing hypoxia? | Atelectasis |
| Diaphoresis | Profuse sweating |
| Clubbing | Bulbous swelling of the tips of the fingers and toes |
| Empyema | Pus in the pleural space |
| Hemoptysis | Spitting of blood |
| Hypoxia | Insufficient oxygenation of the blood |
| Malaise | Sense of discomfort, weakness, or fatigue |
| Nosocomial | Hospital-acquired infection |
| Transudate | Fluid having little or no protein |
| Polycythemia | Excessive red blood cells |
| Septic | Disease-causing organism |
| Sputum | Substance produced by coughing |
| Stridor | Harsh, high-pitched sound during respiration |
| Thoracotomy | Incision in the chest wall |
| Transillumination | Inspection of a cavity by passing a light through its walls |
| Exudate | Fluid that is rich in protein and cellular elements that escapes from blood vessels |
| What can be the symptoms that makes a nurse to suspect infectious mononucleosis infection? | Anorexia, swollen lymph glands, fever, sore throat |
| what is the common complication of pneumonia? | Lung abscess |
| what is the definition of external respiration? | It is the exchange of O2 and CO2 within the lungs. |
| The lesions in pulmonary tuberculosis develop as: | Inflamed granulomas form, calcify, and result in the lesions. |
| What is the treatment for reflux laryngitis? | Resting her voice and over-the-counter medications to reduce reflux |
| list the common respiratory fungus or mycoses that can affect the lungs. | Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis |
| Mary was diagnosed with acute sinusitis, what can be the causes? | Pneumococcal, streptococcal, or Haemophilus influenza bacteria |
| Accumulation of excessive protein-rich fluid between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes of each lung is called: | Exudative pleural effusion |
| Jack was diagnosed with venous thrombosis, what complication can be lethal for him? | Pulmonary embolism |
| what conditions make someone at greatest risk for thrush? | Infants, long-term antibiotic users, those receiving chemotherapy, and persons with AIDS are at greatest risk. |
| What is the result of either acute or chronic hyperventilation ? | Respiratory alkalosis |
| Which condition results in inflammation of the vocal cords and the laryngeal mucosa causing hoarseness of voice? | Laryngitis |
| What is the cause of acute herpetic stomatitis? | Herpes simplex type 1 |
| What is the medical term for traveler’s diarrhea? | Gastroenteritis |
| What are the signs and symptoms of a hiatal hernia? | Heartburn, belching, and esophageal reflux |
| What is the most effective treatment for celiac disease? | A lifelong and strict adherence to a diet that is gluten-free |
| George’s dad suffered from ulcers for many years, so when George was told that he, too, had peptic ulcers, he was not surprised. He was, however, surprised at the treatment. Why? | He learned that antibiotics for treatment of H. pylori and medication to reduce acid secretions would cure it. |
| Sadie has irritable bowel syndrome. Her aunt tells Sadie that it is because she eats junk all the time, smokes, and is a nervous Nellie. What can Sadie tell her aunt? | “There may be a psychological component to my IBS, but the real cause is a change in my colonic motility.” |
| Paroxysmal crying in infants for at least 3 hours per day, for at least 3 days per week, for a period of 3 weeks is recognized as what? | An ailment known as infantile colic |
| Tenderness on pressure at McBurney point is a diagnostic indicator of what illness? | Acute appendicitis |
| You are a medical assistant in a GI clinic and a client asks you why surgery is often necessary for Crohn disease complications. What will you tell the client? | “When medications and corticosteroids don’t work, it’s often better to remove the inflamed portion of the colon and create a new opening in the small intestine for evacuation purposes.” |
| What are the possible causes of ulcerative colitis? | An autoimmune inflammation, microbiome actions, and high intake of linoleic acid |
| What are the two types of hemorrhoids? | Those involving veins below the anorectal line and those involving veins above or along the anorectal line |
| Constipation is named when any two of the following symptoms exist for 12 weeks. What are they? | Straining at stool, lumpy stool, bloating, and fewer than three bowel movements per week |
| What complementary therapy might be helpful when there is nausea and vomiting? | Sips of cold ginger ale, herbal teas, eating soda crackers and toast |
| Eric was running to catch his dog, which got out of the fenced yard. Suddenly he felt a sharp pain in his groin. He slowed his pace, stopped, and stooped over. The pain did not stop. What might have happened? | Eric may have an inguinal hernia from a weakness in the abdominal wall. |
| Howard is seen at the clinic close to the end of the day. His spouse called to say Howard could not stop vomiting, had a fever, his heart was racing, and he was having terrible pain in the upper region of his stomach. What might these symptoms indicate? | Acute pancreatitis |
| What are the complications of pancreatitis? | Type 2 diabetes and shock due to toxins in the blood |
| What is a leading cause of cancer deaths, which produces symptoms of abdominal pain, anorexia, jaundice, and weight loss, and usually has a poor prognosis? | Pancreatic cancer |
| What is cholelithiasis? | Name for gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| What might a patient be told about binge drinking? | Even one drinking binge can put you at serious risk for ALD or cirrhosis. |
| What is the etiology of cirrhosis? | Alcohol, hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary cirrhosis |
| There are five viral agents for hepatitis. Which ones are most common? | HAV, HBV, and HCV |
| What radiological diagnostic tools are most likely used to diagnose colorectal cancer? | Colonoscopy, ultrasound, MRI, and CT |
| Where are peptic ulcers most likely found? | Stomach and duodenum |
| Ascites | Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Cachexia | A marked weakness of the body |
| Exudate | Protein-rich fluid discharged through vessel walls and collecting in adjacent tissue. |
| Fistula | Abnormal tubelike passage |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting blood |
| Hematochezia | Bright red, bloody stools |
| Jaundice | Yellowish discoloration of the skin |
| Occult blood | Minute quantities of blood in feces that are detectable by chemical testing |
| Polyposis | Formation of numerous small masses on a mucous membrane surface of the digestive tract |
| Varices | Abnormally dilated and twisted veins or arteries |
| Which tests can be done to confirm the diagnosis of gastritis? | Blood test for H. pylori antibodies and upper GI endoscopy with biopsy |
| You recently started working in a Gastroenterology, one of your patients is complaining of heart burn. how can you describe GERD to him? | It is the backup of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus that may cause heartburn. |
| John was diagnosed with pouches bulging in his GI tract wall that push through surrounding muscle, what is the diagnosis? | Diverticulosis |
| How can you diagnose Crohn disease? | Biopsy of the affected site |
| Which disease is mainly manifested by bloody diarrhea, often containing pus and mucus? | Ulcerative colitis |
| If a patient, specially children had diarrhea for several hours, what can be the common complications? | Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration |
| Hernias are common with people who are heavy lifting. What is the likely treatment for a femoral or inguinal hernia? | Herniorrhaphy and/or hernioplasty |
| A patient is soon having a surgery for dilated, tortuous veins in anal or rectal mucous membranes. What is the surgery for? | Hemorrhoids |
| If a patient is diagnosed with inflammation of the gall bladder, what might the treatment be? | Cholecystectomy |
| Suggest a possible breakfast for your patient who has celiac disease. What might be included? | Scrambled eggs and hash browns |
| Most patients who are diagnosed with diverticulitis/diverticulosis need complementary therapy diet, this include -------------- | Only whole foods, low-fiber diet, with soluble fibers, such as ground flax, psyllium, and bran |
Created by:
ericmichaelperkins