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Patho Quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following stages of cancer is considered most successful for treatment? | Localized |
| What sequence best describes how cancer cells evolve through states of growth? | Hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, metastasis |
| What is the main goal of complementary treatment for cancer? | To strengthen the immune system and enhance traditional therapies |
| How or when is radiation therapy for cancer given? | Externally or internally, systemically, and even during surgery |
| Dr. Streep orders a specific blood test related to Adrian’s colon cancer to determine if it has spread. What is the common term for this test? | The tumor marker CEA |
| The term neoplasm often is used interchangeably with what other term? | Tumor |
| How are cancer deaths described today? | Declining for both men and women since 1998 |
| What is the name for solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces found in the breast, colon, liver, lung, prostate, and stomach? | Carcinomas |
| What is it called when a powerful light source is used to cut through tissue or vaporize cancers of the cervix, larynx, liver, rectum, or skin? | Laser surgery |
| Allogeneic | Stem cell transplant from an unrelated person |
| AML | Acute myeloblastic leukemia |
| Hyperplasia | Excessive growth of cells |
| Mesothelioma | A form of lung cancer due to exposure to asbestos |
| Metastasize | Spread of cancerous cells through circulatory system |
| Osteoma | Benign tumor of bone |
| Preventive surgery | Prophylactic mastectomy |
| Chemotherapy | Chemical agents used to stop growth of cancer |
| Syngeneic | Stem cell transplant from an identical twin |
| Reed-Sternberg | Unusual giant cell |
| Liver cancer | Linked to chronic hepatitis B and C |
| Mr Gates asks was diagnosed with benign tumor of the liver. Mr Gates asked the medical assistant (MA), “What makes a tumor benign?” What is the MA’s best response? | A benign tumor is surrounded by a capsule and grows slowly. |
| Mr. Gates says to the medical assistant, “I understand what a benign tumor is, but what makes a tumor malignant?” What is the medical assistant’s best response? | A malignant tumor can grow rapidly and has abnormal cells. |
| Dr. Kevin needs to know if Adrian’s colon cancer has spread. Which test should Dr. Kevin order? | CEA test |
| TNM staging system is the most common way that doctors stage breast cancer. TNM stands for T- Tumour, N- Node, and M-Metastasis. If Charita’s breast tumor is identified as Tis, N0, and M0, what does that mean? | Carcinoma in place, no lymph node involvement, and no metastasis |
| Sandra was admitted to Hospice after she was diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. Her surgeon scheduled for palliative surgery. For what reason(s) might palliative surgery be performed? | To sustain cancer clients and alleviate pain |
| Doctors use diagnostic tests like biopsies and imaging exams to determine a cancer's grade and its stage. Cancers are graded by determining their degree of what? | Anaplasia |
| The patient is receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After the patient received radiation therapy , he/she developed erythema. What does erythema mean? | Red skin |
| What is the medical terminology for a malignant tumor of bone? | Osteosarcoma |
| There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that the patient have will depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Hormonal therapy cancer treatment might be used for what type of cancer? | Prostate |
| Skin cancer is the commonest cancer type in human beings. What is the single most common cause of skin cancer? | UVA rays |
| Mr. Peter smokes 2 packs of cigarette and he abuses alcohol. His personal habits of heavy smoking and alcohol abuse greatly increases his risk of developing of what type of cancers? | Mouth and respiratory organ cancer |
| Mark has squamous cell carcinoma on his forehead. The surgeon plans to remove the cancer by shaving layers of skin until the skin is free of cancer. What is the name of the procedure? | Mohs surgery |
| Mark is explaining to his brother why his son, who has cerebral palsy, walks on his toes and crosses one foot in front of the other. This is known as what type of cerebral palsy? | Spastic cerebral palsy that is characterized by hyperactive reflexes |
| The gynecologist has given Karla the good news—she is pregnant with her first baby. A discussion of how to have a healthy baby free of any congenital heart defects likely includes which of the following? | Take a daily multivitamin that contains folic acid |
| Tetralogy of Fallot has four congenital heart defects. What is the classic symptom of this defect either at birth or within the first several months? | Bluish discoloration of the skin or cyanosis |
| When hydrocephalus is suspected, what diagnostic procedures are likely performed? | Measuring head circumference, CT scan, MRI |
| Infant began to have serious constipation and abdominal distention. After numerous tries at diet changes and home remedies, he saw a physician. What might the physician suspect? | Hirschsprung disease |
| Which of the following best describes cleft lip and cleft palate? | Cleft lip exhibits clefts in the upper lip; a hole in the roof of the mouth is cleft palate. |
| Important client communication for cleft lip and cleft palate will include what information? | The ESSR feeding method for feeding |
| Laticia brings her infant home from the birthing center in less than 12 hours. The birth was uncomplicated, but soon Laticia knows something is wrong. Her infant is unable to suck without coughing, choking, and turning blue. What might be the problem? | Patent ductus arteriosus |
| Keith and Audrey are stunned and frightened when their son is born with omphalocele. They feel much better after the pediatrician assures them of what information? | Surgery will correct the problem and they can expect complete recovery. |
| When the intestine does not turn properly prior to birth, becomes twisted, and blocks the duodenum, what is the condition called? | Malrotation and volvulus |
| Acetabulum | Rounded cavity on the outer surface of the hip bone that receives the femur |
| Anoxia | Absence of oxygen |
| Hydroureter | Ureter swollen with urine |
| Auscultation | Listening for sounds produced by internal organs |
| Chyme | Nearly liquid mixture composed of partially digested food and gastric secretions |
| Claudication | Lameness |
| Cyanosis | Bluish discoloration of the skin |
| Dystonia | Impaired muscle tone |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed |
| Excoriated | Roughened skin or an abrasion |
| Hydronephrosis | Swelling of the renal pelvis of the kidney with urine |
| Hypertrophy | Increase in size or volume |
| FASD | Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders |
| Microcephaly | Smaller-than-normal head |
| Meconium | First feces of a newborn infant |
| Nephrectomy | Excision or removal of a kidney |
| Nystagmus | Involuntary movement of the eyeball |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary wavelike contractions |
| Septum | Wall between the ventricles |
| Tachypnea | Fast breathing |
| Two years old child presented with under developed limbs, spasticity and hyperactive reflexes. The child was born prematurely. The pediatrician diagnosed the child with cerebral palsy (CP). What is/are the possible etiology of cerebral palsy? | It is caused by CNS damage occurring before, during, or after birth. |
| An infant begins projectile vomiting in the 2nd to 4th week after birth. On physical examination, the pediatrician detected abdominal distension and palpable tumor in the epigastrium. What might pediatrician suspect is the cause? | Pyloric stenosis |
| Which of the following congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing of a blood vessel, acyanotic defect, and blood pressure is increased proximal to the defect and decreased after the defect? | Coarctation of the aorta |
| The child was diagnosed bilateral cryptorchidism. To confirm the presence of testes, the test will look for which hormone? | Serum gonadotropin |
| Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening congenital disorder of the exocrine glands. What are the serious, often fatal respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis? | Emphysema |
| Noah has a disorder of nervous system with signs and symptoms of uncontrollable facial tics, repetitive throat clearing and shoulder shrugging. What complementary therapy may lessen his symptoms? | Playing quiet-mind computer games and working crossword puzzles |
| What are some of the symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder? | Hyperactive behavior, speech delays, flat nose, microcephaly |
| Adede was born and raised out of States where malaria is very common. She was diagnosed with sickle cell anemia when she was 6 months old. How does Adede describe the symptoms she experiences during a sickle cell crisis? | Intense pain felt in arms, legs, or abdomen |
| The nurses notice a characteristic musty odor to the newborn’s perspiration and urine. The child also has microcephaly. What is the most likely diagnosis of this child? | Phenylketonuria |
| During neonatal examination, the pediatrician detected asymmetric folds in the thigh of the neonate with limited abduction of the hip. The neonate was diagnosed with hip dysplasia. What is the most likely etiology of hip dysplasia? | Incorrect position of fetus in uterus; otherwise unknown |
| In the counselor’s first contact with Weldon, which of the following areas are quickly observable elements of a mental status examination? | Appearance and motor activity |
| Which of the following statements is most common for elderly persons who suffer from depressive disorder? | A widespread problem that often goes undiagnosed and frequently untreated |
| What is the difference between men and women with depressive disorder? | Women’s depression is more likely related to hormonal cycles. |
| Julia, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia, is often seen in the community talking to herself and responding to internal voices. What symptom is Julia experiencing? | Hallucinations |
| What are some common symptoms of anxiety disorders? | Chest pain, exaggerated fear, gastrointestinal upset |
| What should a PCP do if a client needed counseling or psychotherapy? | Refer to a mental health specialist |
| Lynn asks her primary care provider for proven effective complementary therapies for her heroin addiction. What is probably included? | Acupuncture |
| Which of the following statements best describes intellectual disability? | It is a condition of subaverage intellectual function with deficits in adaptive behavior. |
| In treating intellectual disability, what is the focus? | To develop adaptive, communication, social, and motor skills |
| Sarah has anorexia nervosa and is cautioned about the symptoms. What are they? | Marked weight loss, clinical evidence of semistarvation, and amenorrhea |
| How is anorexia nervosa similar to bulimia nervosa? | Both occur more commonly in youth than adults. |
| What mental health disorder is defined as “a sexual pain disorder”? | Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder |
| When trying to distinguish a female sexual interest/arousal disorder from a genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, what sign or symptom exists in female sexual interest/arousal disorder that does not exist in genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder? | A lack of vaginal lubrication and vasocongestive response |
| Albert was diagnosed with a personality disorder and told his prognosis was good, but he was not offered any treatment. What treatments might be recommended? | Moral recognition therapy (MRT) |
| Amanda is diagnosed with social phobia that is not covered by insurance. She wants to speak to those who control public funds for mental health. Who should she speak to? | State and local representatives |
| If a PCP or a mental health professional utilized a mental status examination, what would they be assessing? | Mental health disorder |
| Alogia | Inability to speak owing to dementia |
| Avolition | Decreased motivation |
| Delusion | False belief held in the face of strong contradictory evidence |
| Echolalia | Parrotlike repetition |
| Hallucination | Perceiving something that is not there or someone who is not there |
| Intromission | Insertion of one part into another |
| Mutism | Not speaking |
| Decompensate | Inability to act appropriately in acute episodes of mental illness |
| Serotonin | Chemical messenger in the brain |
| Tolerance | Increased substance use to achieve previous effects |
| The__________________ is used by clinicians and psychiatrists to diagnose mental health disorders (psychiatric illness). It provides criteria for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment recommendations. | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition |
| John’s psychiatrist diagnosed him with persistent depressive disorder. What description would the psychiatrist provide to John? | This disorder involves long-term, chronic symptoms that keep a person from functioning well. |
| Which of the following is a common complementary medicine that has been used in Europe to treat depression. FDA has issued a public health advisory this medicine is contraindicated in a number of medical conditions? | St. John’s wort |
| What disorder is common in children and has classic symptoms of distractibility, impulsivity and hyperactivity? | ADHD |
| What percentage of erectile disorders is related to psychological causes? | 50% to 60% |
| What is one problem with Amelia’s bipolar symptoms when she is manic? | Amelia’s thinking and judgment are affected. |
| He had a horrible experience in the combat. He suffered severe flash-backs and nightmares. What is his most likely diagnosis? | PTSD |
| What is another term for bipolar disorder? | Manic-depressive disorder |
| Patient, was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and he has delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech. What other disorder may also have these symptoms? | Hallucinogen dependence |
Created by:
ericmichaelperkins