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chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
cephal/o head
cerebell/o cerebellum
cerebr/o cerebum
dur/o tough
encephal/o brain
gangli/o ganglion
gli/o glue
medull/o medulla
mening/o meninges
myel/ spinal cord
neur/o nerve
poli gray matter
central nervous system is composed of brain and spinal cord
bodys neural control center is central nervous system
peripheral nervous system is located outside the nervous system
motor division has two divisions somatic and autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system involuntary control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
somatic nervous system voluntary movement of the skeletal system
oligodendrocytes form myelin in the CNS
ependymal cells produce cerebrospinal fluid in the cns
astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier in the cns
microglia seek out and fight pathogens in the cns
schwann cells form myelin in the pns
satellite cells control the environment for ganglia in the PNS
what is found in the peripheral nervous system schwann cells and satellite cells
the central nervous system ( CNS) is composed brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system ( PNS) is composed network of all the nerves in the body that sends messages to and from the central processing center
incoming messages to the brain or spinal cord afferent
carry outgoing messages away from the brain and spinal cord efferent
type of nerve message used to stimulate skeletal muscles to move the body somatomotor
type of nerve message that goes to glands the cardiac muscle of the heart or the smooth muscle of hollow organs and blood vessels autonomic
division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to carry out functions for vegetative activities such as digestion, defecation, and urination. parasympathetic
division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to prepare the body for physical activity often referred to as fight or flight. sympathetic
can be very long measuraing a meter or more at may start at the tip of your finger and end at your spinal cord single neuron
portion of a neuron that receives information. dendrite
portion of a neuron that carries electrical impulses along its length from the cell body to the synaptic knobs at the end of the neuron. axon
the _____ contains the nucleus and organelles for protein synthesis body
the golgi complex then pacages the neurotransmitter in secretory called synaptic vesicles
junction formed by the neuron’s synaptic knob with another cell—gland cell, muscle cell, or dendrite of another neuron. synapse
a synaptic knob at the end of each branch forms synapse
lipid-rich intermittent covering over the axons of some neurons. myelin
Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of ranvier
peripheral nerves have myelinated axons
three basic types of neurons multipolar, bipolar and unipolar
neuroglia means nerve glue
form mylen in the CNS oligodendrocytes
produce cerebrospinal fluid ependymal cells
form the blood brain barrier, regulate composition of CSF and form scar tissue astrocytes
provides protection by seeking and removing damaged cells, derbis and pathogens microglia
form myelin in the PNS and help damaged myelinated axons regenerate schawann cells
regulate the chemical environment of ganglia in the PNS satellite cells
fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that is made by ependymal cells lining cavities in the brain called ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid
three layers of membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. meninges
the most superficial layer is called dura mater
weblike laer arachnoid matter
cerebrospinal fluid is made by ependymal cells lining cavities in the brain called ventricles
a bed of capillaries small blood vessels are called choroid plexus
the floor of the cranial cavity is bone with various ridges provides bouyancy
the CSF cushions the brain from impact provides protection
the CFS rinses metabolic wastes from the brain and spinal cord and helps regulate the chemical environment facilitates chemical stability
The CSF provides CNS tissues with some nutrients such as glucose provides nutrients
n involuntary, predictable, motor response to a stimulus without conscious thought. reflex
three types of memory immediate, short term and long term
last a few seconds immediate memory
last for a few seconds to a few hours short term memory
may last a life time and is not limited as to the amount of information it can hold long term memory
any language deficit resulting from damage to either Wernicke’s or Broca’s area. aphasia
this area is used to find the words for outgoing language brocas area
this area is used to interpret incoming language by sorting out what the incoming sounds are wernickes area
procedure used to collect and analyze cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord a lumbar puncture ( spinal tap )
a procedure that assesses the conduction of nerve impulses along peripheral nerves by using electrodes to stimulate the nerve while reading the conduction of the impulse as it reaches its end point Nerve conduction study NCS
condition that happens when part of the brain dies due to a lack of blood supply. cerebrovascular accident CVA /stroke
the loss of cognitive function such as thinking, remembering, and reasoning. dementia
a loss of muscle function due to an interruption in the pathway between the brain and muscles. paralysis
paralysis that affects one side of the body hemiplegia
paralysis that affects the arms and legs quadriplegia
paralysis that affects the lower half of the body paraplegia
a condition resulting in the buildup of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. hydrocephalus
congenital hydrocephalus is present at birth
acquired hydrocephalus occurs at any age
cerebrovascular accident CVA is stroke
dementia is the loss of cognitive function such as thinking, remembering and reasoning
huntingtons disease genetic disease caused by defective gene passed down from either the mother or the father that destroys cells in the brain
parkinsons disease brain disorder
multiple sclerosis disease characterized by denmyelination of the axon
paralysis the loss of muscle function due to an interruption in the pathway between the brain and muscles
hemiplegia paralysis that affects one side of the body
quadriplegia paralysis that affects the arms and legs
paraplegia paralysis that affects the lower half the body
hydrocephalus is a condition resulting in the build up of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
congenital hydrocephalus present at birth
acquired hydrocephalus occurs at any age
epilepsy is a condition that is characterized by recurring seizures caused by misfiring of electrical signals in the brain
cerebral palsy group of symptoms that occur following an injury to the brain in children before the age of 5 years oldd
alzheimers disease progressive irreversible disease of the brain that is characterized by dementia
cerebral palsy group of symptoms that occur following injury to the brain prenatally perinatally or postnatally
highly branched processes of a neuron that receive signals and carry them toward the cell body are called ___ dendrites
dendrites receive information
cell body contains the nucleus and organelles for protein synthesis
axon carries information to the synaptic knobs
structures of the nervous system ? brain, spinal cord, and nerves
the long thin process of a neuron that carries signals away from the cell body is axon
a synaptic knob is at the end of an axon
at a synaptic knob neurotransmitter are released into the _____ where they bind to receptors on another cell cell body
an axon leaves the neuron cell body at the axon hillock also known as the synaptic knob
astrocytes are a type of neuroglial cell
the dura matter is the _____ of the meninges outer most layer
the cells responsible for providing support and protection for neuron are neuroglia
what is the function of neuroglia provide support and protection for neuron
Created by: lupita25
 

 



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