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Chapter 3 Key Terms
Intro to Communication Spring 2026
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Perception | the process of making meaning from what we experience in the world around us |
| Selection | the process by which your mind and body help you isolate certain stimuli to pay attention to |
| Organization | the classification of information of some way |
| Perceptual schema | mental framework for organizing information into categories we call constructs |
| Stereotype | a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behavior |
| Selective memory bias | remember information that supports our stereotypes while forgetting information that does not |
| Primacy effect | first impressions are critical because they set the tone for all future interactions |
| Recency effect | that the most recent impression we have of a person’s communication is more powerful than our earlier impressions |
| Perceptual set | predisposition to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive |
| Attribution | explanation of an observed behavior |
| Self-serving bias | refers to our tendency to attribute our successes to stable, internal causes while attributing our failures to unstable, external causes |
| Fundamental attribution error | we attribute other people’s behavior to internal rather than external causes |
| Image | the personal “face” we want others to see |
| Image management | the process of behavioral adjustment to project a desired image |
| Self-concept or identity | composed of your own stable perceptions about who you are |
| Johari window | visual representation of the self as composed of four separate parts |
| Fulfilling prophecy | a situation in which a prediction leads people to act and communicate in ways that make that prediction come true |
| Self-esteem | your subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person |
| Face | describes our desired public image |
| Facework | describes the behaviors we use to project that desired image to others |
| Face needs | important components of our desired public image |
| Fellowship face | refers to the need to have others like and accept us |
| Autonomy face | refers to our need to avoid being imposed on by others |
| Competence face | our need to be respected- to have others acknowledge our abilities and intelligence |
| Face-threatening act | hinders the fulfillment of one or more of your face needs |
| Life story | a way of presenting ourselves to others that is based on our self-concept but is also influenced by other people |
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