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science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Microscope | a scientific instrument that uses lenses or beams to produce magnified images of tiny objects, revealing details invisible to the naked eye, like cells, bacteria, or intricate structures |
| Cell theory | a scientific instrument that uses lenses or beams to produce magnified images of tiny objects, revealing details invisible to the naked eye, like cells, bacteria, or intricate structures |
| Cells | A cell is the fundamental structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms, acting as the smallest unit that can live on its own |
| Animal/plant cells | Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, meaning they possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, cytoplasm, and ribosomes |
| Unicellular cells | living beings composed of a single cell that independently performs all necessary life functions, including metabolism, reproduction, and, in many cases, movement |
| Multicellular cells | complex life forms composed of more than one cell—often millions or trillions—that are specialized to perform specific functions |
| Cell structures | Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of life, consisting of a cytoplasm enclosed by a protective cell membrane |
| Cell functions | maintain homeostasis, transport materials, and carry out specialized functions like protein synthesis, reproduction, and communication |
| Function of the cell membrane | a selective, flexible barrier that protects the cell by regulating the entry and exit of nutrients, ions, and waste products |
| What process happens inside the mitochondria | the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) breaks down derivatives of glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and producing energy carriers |
| What process happens inside chloroplasts | Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water |
| Penicillin and disease | Penicillin is a groundbreaking group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium mold that revolutionized medicine by killing bacteria, particularly against streptococcal and staphylococcal infections |
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31beers