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Stats Unit 4 Vocab

TermDefinition
Explanatory Variable attempts to explain the observed outcomes
responsive variable measures an outcome of a study
scatter plot displays the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same individual
positive association high values of the two variables tend to occur together
negative association high values of one variable tend to occur with low values of the other variable
linear relationship the points show a straight line pattern, and are an important form of relationship between two variables
strength (of a relationship) is determine by how close the points in the scatterplot lie to a simple form such as a line
categorical variable can be used to plot points on a scatterplot with different colors or symbols
correlation measures the strength and directions of the linear association between two quantitative variables x and y
residuals the differences between the observed and predicted values of y
influential observations individual points that substantially change the regression line
regression line a straight line that describes how a response variable y changes as an explanatory variable x changes
least square regression line the straight line that minimizes the sum of the squares of the vertical distances of the observed y-values from the line
predict the ability to say what is going to happen in the future on the basis of present indication or available data
slope (of a regression line) is the rate at which the predicted response ŷ changed along the line as the explanatory variable x changes
intercept (of a regression line) is the predicted response ŷ when the explanatory x=0
regression process for determining the statistical relationship between a random variable and one or more independent variables that is used to predict the value of the random variable
logarithm exponent that indicated the power to which a number is raised to produce a given number
linearly how a variable grows over time if it adds fixed increment in each equal time period
exponentially how a variable grows if it is multiplied by a fixed number greater than 1 in each time period. Exponential decay occurs when the factor is less than 1
exponential function a nonlinear growth that can be modeled by the form y=abˣ
power function nonlinear growth that can be modeled by the form y=axᵇ
extrapolation use of a regression line or curve for prediction for values of the explanatory variable outside the domain of the data from which the line or curve was caclulated
lurking variable variable that has an important effect on the relationship among the variables in a study but is not included among the variables studied
experiment explanatory variable is directly changed and other influences of the response are controlled
Created by: user-2016449
 

 



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