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EES 3.1
Study stack for EES 3.1 made by Ever Suchecki
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| water | A polar covalent molecule (H₂O) whose hydrogen bonding gives it unique physical and chemical properties essential for Earth systems. |
| capillary action | The movement of water through narrow spaces due to adhesive forces between water and surfaces and cohesive forces among water molecules. |
| cohesion | The attraction between molecules of the same substance caused by hydrogen bonding in water. |
| adhesion | The attraction between molecules of different substances due to intermolecular forces. |
| property | A physical or chemical characteristic used to identify or describe a substance. |
| polarity | An unequal distribution of electrical charge within a molecule; water’s polarity allows it to form hydrogen bonds. |
| transfer | The movement of energy or matter within or between Earth systems. |
| energy | The capacity to cause physical or chemical change, including thermal, kinetic, and potential energy. |
| atmosphere | The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth that regulates temperature and supports life. |
| hydrosphere | All water on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states. |
| climate | Long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions in a region. |
| convection | Heat transfer through the movement of fluids driven by density differences caused by temperature variation. |
| freeze | A phase change in which a liquid becomes a solid as thermal energy is removed. |
| dissolve | The process by which a solute disperses uniformly within a solvent at the molecular level. |
| specific heat capacity | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius; water’s high value stabilizes climate. |
| solid | A state of matter with tightly packed particles that vibrate in fixed positions. |
| liquid | A state of matter with particles that are close together but able to flow past one another. |
| gas | A state of matter with particles that move freely and occupy all available space. |
| solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
| solvent | The substance that dissolves the solute, usually present in greater quantity. |
| solution | A homogeneous mixture at the molecular level. |
| surface tension | The cohesive force at a liquid’s surface resulting from hydrogen bonding. |
| water cycle | The continuous movement of water through Earth systems via evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. |
| Kelvin scale | An absolute temperature scale beginning at absolute zero, where molecular motion theoretically stops. |
| Absolute scale | A temperature scale based on absolute zero, such as the Kelvin scale. |
| universal solvent | Water, due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many ionic and polar substances. |
| homogeneous solution | A mixture with uniform composition throughout. |
| heterogeneous solution | A mixture with non-uniform composition and distinguishable components. |
| Examples of a heterogeneous solutions | Oil and water (immiscible liquids) |
| Examples of homogeneous solutions | Saltwater (NaCl dissolved in H₂O) |
| Example of cohesion | Formation of spherical water droplets due to hydrogen bonding |
| Example of adhesion | Water adhering to mineral surfaces in soil |
| Example of surface tension | Insects supported on water surfaces due to cohesive forces |
| Example of capillary action | Upward movement of groundwater through soil pores or plant xylem |
Created by:
Everstudy