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HE - MODULE 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a theory? | A theory is a set of concepts and propositions fitted together to explain why people behave, act, and think the way they do, and to predict under what circumstances they will act. |
| This theory is a coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, predict, or explain how people learn and change. | Learning theory |
| This theory states that learning occurs through changes in behavior caused by environmental stimuli, conditions, and reinforcement. To change behavior, the environment must be changed. | Behaviorist Theory |
| Who are the main proponents of Behaviorist Theory? | The main proponents are B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike. |
| It is a learning process where a new response is acquired through association with environmental stimuli. | Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning |
| It is the gradual and repeated exposure to a fear-inducing stimulus in a relaxed and non-threatening environment until the fear response is reduced or eliminated. | Systematic Desensitization |
| It is the tendency to apply what has been learned from one stimulus to other similar stimuli. | Stimulus Generalization |
| It refers to the reappearance of an extinguished response, often used to explain relapse in unhealthy habits or addictive behaviors. | Spontaneous Recovery |
| This theory explains that behaviors are strengthened by rewards and weakened by punishment. | Reinforcement Theory |
| Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. | Thorndike’s Law of Effect |
| It involves adding a rewarding stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, such as praise, smiles, or rewards. | Positive Reinforcement |
| This theory explains that learning occurs through observation of role models, perceived reinforcement, and internal self-regulation. | Social Learning Theory |
| Who proposed Social Learning Theory? | Albert Bandura |
| It is the concept that behavior, personal factors, and environmental conditions continuously influence each other. | Reciprocal Determinism |
| What are the four processes involved in modeling? | Attention Retention Motor Reproduction Motivation and Reinforcement |
| This theory focuses on internal perception, thinking, and mental processing. To change behavior, cognition must be changed. | Cognitive Learning Theory |
| It is the study of how the brain perceives, thinks, remembers, and learns. | Cognitive Science |
| What are the three kinds of learning based on Schemata Theory? | Accretion – learning new facts without changing existing knowledge Tuning – refining existing schemata Restructuring – creating new schemata by modifying old ones |
| What are the three stages of memory in Information Processing Theory? | Sensory Memory Short-Term (Working) Memory Long-Term Memory |
| It briefly holds sensory information for a very short time (about 0.5 seconds for visual input and 3 seconds for auditory input). | Sensory Memory |
| It is called working memory, it holds information for about 20 seconds unless rehearsed. | Short-Term Memory |
| It stores information permanently by linking new knowledge to existing schemata using repetition, association, or mnemonic devices. | Long-Term Memory |
| It is about thinking one’s own thinking and monitoring one’s learning process. | Metacognition |
| It emphasizes self-concept, personal growth, feelings, and motivation in learning. Learning is learner-centered and self-directed. | umanistic Learning Theory |
| It is a set of processes related to practice and experience that lead to permanent changes in movement capability. | Motor Learning |
| What are the three stages of skill learning according to Fitts and Posner? | Cognitive Stage Associative Stage Autonomous Stage |
| t is a theory proposed by Howard Gardner stating that intelligence consists of multiple specific abilities rather than one general intelligence. | Multiple Intelligence Theory |
| What are the seven types of Multiple Intelligences? | Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal |
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