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math
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Certain Event | Has a probability of 1; WILL happen. |
| Combination | Combinations are used to determine how many groups of objects can be formed from a larger group. With combinations, we say that order does not "matter." (nCr) |
| Complementary Events | The events of one outcome happening and that outcome not happening. The sum of the probabilities of an event and its complement is 1 or 100%. In symbols, P(A) + P(not A) = 1 |
| Compound Event | An event consisting of two or more simple events. |
| Dependent Event | Compound events where the occurrence of one event DOES affect the likelihood that the other event will occur. |
| Event | A collection of possible outcomes from a sample space. |
| Experiment | In probability, any activity based on chance, such as tossing a coin. |
| Experimental Probability | Probability based on a sample or repeated trials of an experiment. P(event) = number of times event occurs / total number of trials. |
| Factorial | x! = x•(x-1)•(x-2)....3•2•1 Use factorials to find out how many ways objects may be arranged, when they are taken without replacement. |
| Fair Game | When ALL OUTCOMES of an experiment ARE EQUALLY LIKELY, then the experiment is said to be FAIR. |
| Fundamental Counting Principal | If there are m ways of selecting from one category, n ways of selecting from a second category, and p ways of selecting from a third category, there are m•n•p ways of making a selection from each category. |
| Impossible Event | Has a probability of 0; can NEVER happen! |
| Independent Event | Compound events where the occurrence of one event does NOT affect the likelihood that the other event will occur. |
| Odds | Ratio of favorable outcomes to unfavorable outcomes ("May the odds be ever in your favor.") |
| Outcome | A possible result of an action. |
| P (A and B) Compound Event | P (A ^ B) = P(A)•P(B) When A and B are separate, independent events. |
| Permutation | Permutations are used to determine how many arrangements can be created from a set of objects. With permutations, we say that order "matters." (nPr) |
| Probability | A number between 0 and 1 that describes the likelihood an event will occur. |
| Random | A process of selection in which each item of a set has an equal chance of being selected. |
| Sample Space | The collection of all possible outcomes in an experiment. |
| Simple Event | One outcome or a collection of outcomes. |
| Simulation | An experiment that is designed to model the actions in a given situation. A model of a real-world situation that is used to find probabilities. |
| Theoretical Probability | Probability that shows what should happen under ideal circumstances. P(event) = number of favorable outcomes / total number of possible outcomes. |
| Tree Diagram | A branching diagram that shows all possible choices, or outcomes, in a probability situation. |
| Trial | In a probability experiment, you carry out or observe an action repeatedly. Each observation of the action is a trial. |
| Uniform Probability Model | A probability model which assigns equal probability to all outcomes based on using the theoretical probability. |
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