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A&P Endocrine Quiz
| What are the two main control systems of the body | Nervous and Endocrine system |
| What does the endocrine system do | Influences metabolic activity by secreting hormones into blood to travel to specific target cells |
| What are hormones | Chemical messengers |
| Does endocrine operate fast or slow | they operate more slowly with longer effects |
| What are endocrine glands made up of | ductless glands made of epithelial cells, generally cuboidal |
| What do endocrine glands do | Release hormones directly into extracellular fluid or blood |
| Examples of a Whole Gland | Parathyroid and Thyroid |
| Examples of a Partial Gland | Anterior and posterior pituitary |
| Examples of partial organ | islets of pancreas |
| Examples of patches of tissue in an organ | Gastrin releasing cells in wall of stomach |
| Examples of Neuroendocrine | Hypothalamus, adrenal medulla |
| Examples of a Malignant tissue | Lung Cancer |
| What shape is the Thyroid Gland | Butterfly Shape |
| Location of the Thyroid Gland | In the anterior (Front), on the trachea just inferior (below) to larynx (voice box) |
| What hormones do the Thyroid Gland release | Thyroid hormones AKA T-hormones |
| Can you feel (palpitate) your thyroid | Yes, Swallow and you can feel your thyroid move up and down |
| Follicles | Hallow and spherical, may contain Colloid (protein), Can be colloid filled follicles (Big circles) |
| parafollicular Cells (AKA extrafollicular) | Cells between follicular cells |
| Follicular cell | form the walls of each follicle, Cuboidal or squamous epithelial cells |
| How do the follicles work in relation to Thyroid gland hormones | They may release stores thyroid hormones by attaching to the colloids |
| How do the Follicular cells work in relation to the Thyroid Gland Hormones | Synthesis T3 (active form) and T4 (thyroxin) |
| What does T3 do | increases metabolic rate and cell oxidation (increases cell calorie usage) |
| How do the parafollicular cells work in relation to the Thyroid Gland Hormones | They release calcitonin which lowers blood Calcium |
| Thyroid tissue VS Parathyroid Tissue | Thyroid tissue is a lighter color with enlarged follicles (colloid Filled) Parathyroid Tissue are closer together and a darker color |
| Where are the parathyroid glands located | There are four of them located on the posterior (back) view on the thyroid gland |
| Does every person have 4 parathyroid glands | No the number can vary from person to person. Can have between 3-5 glands |
| Describe the Chief Cells | They are stained a blue-purple color, can look like little black dots. They release the parathyroid hormone which increases your blood calcium level |
| What does the parathyroid hormone do | it releases calcium into the blood |
| Describe Larger Oxyphils | shaded lighter than chief cells, there function is unknown |
| Capillay | shaded the lightest color and can appear along with chief cells and oxyphils |
| Are the Islets of Langerhans apart of the endocrine and exocrine gland | Endocrine Gland |
| Are the acinar cells apart of the endocrine and exocrine glands | Exocrine gland |
| Describe the Pancreas | |
| How do the Follicular cells work in relation to the Thyroid Gland Hormones | Synthesis T3 (active form) and T4 (thyroxin) |
| What does T3 do | increases metabolic rate and cell oxidation (increases cell calorie usage) |
| How do the parafollicular cells work in relation to the Thyroid Gland Hormones | They release calcitonin which lowers blood Calcium |
| Thyroid tissue VS Parathyroid Tissue | Thyroid tissue is a lighter color with enlarged follicles (colloid Filled) Parathyroid Tissue are closer together and a darker color |
| Where are the parathyroid glands located | There are four of them located on the posterior (back) view on the thyroid gland |
| Does every person have 4 parathyroid glands | No the number can vary from person to person. Can have between 3-5 glands |
| Describe the Chief Cells | They are stained a blue-purple color, can look like little black dots. They release the parathyroid hormone which increases your blood calcium level |
| What does the parathyroid hormone do | it releases calcium into the blood |
| Describe Larger Oxyphils | shaded lighter than chief cells, there function is unknown |
| Capillay | shaded the lightest color and can appear along with chief cells and oxyphils |
| Are the Islets of Langerhans apart of the endocrine and exocrine gland | Endocrine Gland |
| Are the acinar cells apart of the endocrine and exocrine glands | Exocrine gland |
| Describe the Pancreas | Aids in chemical digestion, location partially behind the stomach, it is composed of both endocrine glands and exocrine glands (islets of Langerhans and acinar cells) |
| Describe the Islets of Langerhans | round and lighter stained. Contains endocrine cells of the pancreas (alpha and beta cells) islets only account for the small amount of pancreatic cells around 2 percent |
| Describe acinar cells | Exocrine cells of the pancreas, darker stained cells that surround the lighter islets |
| What are the islets of Langerhans cells made up of | Alpha cells, Beta Cells, Delta Cells |
| Alpha cells | Release the hormone glucagon which increases blood glucose, appear bright pink and are at the periphery |
| Beta cells | release the hormone insulin which lowers blood glucose, appear grey-blue and are larger than alpha cells |
| Delta cells | Release the hormone somatostatin |
| The pituitary Gland is also known as | Hypophysis |
| Describe the Pituitary Gland | Located in the sphenoid bone and has two major lobes the anterior and posterior. |
| What are the anterior and posterior pituitary Gland made of | anterior is composed of glandular tissue and the posterior is composed of mainly neural tissue |
| What is the Adenohyoiohysis | Another name for the Anterior Pituitary |
| Describe the Anterior Pituitary | Its activity is controlled by the hypothalamus; it makes and releases six protein hormones, four of the hormones are tropic hormones. Made of cuboidal cells. |
| What are Tropic Hormones | They target other endocrine cells to secrete other hormones. In other words, once they release the first hormone, they activate another hormone. |
| Describe Anterior Pituitary Hormones from the acidophilic cells | Hormones are the Growth hormone and Prolactin, they are stained orange/brown |
| Describe Prolactin | targets breast secretory tissue and promote lactation |
| Describe Growth Hormone | Targets the liver, muscle, bone, and cartilage and stimulates somatic growth/mobilizes fat. |
| Describe the Anterior Pituitary Hormones from the basophilic cells | They are stained blue purple, they release Tropic hormones such as the Thyroid stimulating H, Adrenocorticotropic H (ACTH), Follicle Stimulating H. Luteinizing H. |
| Describe the Thyroid stimulating Hormone | Targets the thyroid gland and stimulates thyroid gland to release t-hormones |
| Describe the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | Targets the adrenal cortex to release it hormones |
| Describe the Follicle Stimulating Hormone | Targets the ovaries and testis; stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production, and sperm productions |
| Describe the Luteinizing Hormone | Targets the ovaries and testes; stimulates ovulation, and production of testosterone |
| Describe the Posterior Pituitary | Stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus, Hormones release are Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone. |
| Describe Oxytocin | Targets the uterus to stimulate contractions and induce labor |
| Describe the Antidiuretic Hormone | Targets the kidneys and stimulates the tubule cells to reabsorb eater and return to the blood |
| Describe the Adrenal Glands | They are pyramid shaped, located on top or close to the kidney, one on top of each kidney. |
| How many Adrenal Glands should a person have | two |
| What are the three main parts of the adrenal Glands | Capsule, the cortex area, Medulla |
| What is the Medulla | the internal gland, lightly stained, produces epinephrine in the stress syndrome |
| What is the Cortex Area | this area has three zones, each produces a different hormone |
| What is the Outer Capsule | the very outer shell of the adrenal cortex, it provides a protective covering |
| Zona Glomerulosa | Outermost cortex layer, releases hormone called aldosterone |
| Zona Fasciculata | Middle layer of the cortex area, releases cortisol a stress hormone elevating blood glucose level. This layer is the thickest layer in the cortex area |
| Zona reticularis | Innermost cortex layer, releases androgens, development of secondary sex characteristics. This picks up heavy stain and shows branched cells |
Created by:
Brooke_N