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Chemie

Tvary molekul

QuestionAnswer
Tvary molekul - úvod Chemické vazby jsou zprostředkovány valenčními elektrony, které mají záporný náboj a vzájemně se odpuzují Molekuly jsou uspořádány tak, aby e- byly od sebe co nejdál
Čím je ovlivněn tvar molekul Je ovlivněn rozmístěním sigma vazeb a volných elektronových párů, vazby pí nemají vliv na tvar molekul
Co je to .... a Počet sigma vazeb
Co je to .... b Počet volných elektronových párů
Co je to ... Z a jak ho vypočítáme Z=a+b, udává počet vrcholů základního tvaru molekuly
Tvar, úhel a hybridizace Z=2 Tvarem je přímka, spojnice bodů se středem (centrálním atomem) svírají úhel 180°, hybridizace: sp
Tvar, úhel a hybridizace Z=3 Tvar rovnostranný trojúhelník, spojnice bodů se středem svírají úhel 120°, hybridizace: sp²
Tvar, úhel a hybridizace Z=4 Tvar tetraedr (=čtyřstěn), úhel 109,5°, hybridizace: sp³
Tvar, úhel a hybridizace Z=5 Tvar trigonální bipyramida, úhel 3 * 120°, 2 * 90°, hybridizace: sp³d
Tvar, úhel a hybridizace Z=6 Tvar oktaedr (=osmistěn), spojnice se středem svírají úhel 90°, hybridizace sp³d²
Výsledný úhel vody (H2O) přesně 104,5°
Výsledný úhel amoniaku (NH3) přesně 107,4°
Created by: MorioAsuritan
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