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Staging & Grading
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| T | Tumour - How much has it spread |
| N | Nodes - Has the tumour entered the lymph nodes |
| M | Metastasis. - Has the Tumour Metastasised |
| Primary Tumour (T) | The original site where cancer first starts to grow in the body, |
| TX | Primary Tumour can’t be evaluated |
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumour |
| TIS | Carcinoma in SItu |
| Situ | Abnormal, potentially cancerous cells are found only in the location where they first developed and haven't spread to surrounding tissues, |
| T1, T2, T3, T4 | Size/ Extent of primary tumour |
| Regional Lymph Nodes | lymph nodes located in the areas closest to a primary tumor, acting as the first filtering stations in the lymphatic system for cancer cells or infection from that specific body region; |
| Lympth Nodes | Small, bean-shaped immune system filters that trap germs (bacteria, viruses) and abnormal cells from lymph fluid, protecting the body from infection; |
| NX | Regional Lympth nodes which can’t be evaluated |
| N0 | No Regional Lympth nodes involvement |
| N1, N2. N3 | Degree of regional lymph node involvement (number and location of lymph nodes) |
| Distant Metastis | cancer cells have spread from the original (primary) tumor to far-away parts of the body, forming new, secondary tumors, |
| MX | Distant metastasis cannot be evaluated |
| M0 | No distant metastasis present |
| M1 | Distant Metastasis is present |