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Psychology Cahpter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Learning cognitive learning response is lost after the stimulus is taken away | Extinction |
| Stop undesirable behavior by conditioning the stimulus to a different response | Counter Conditioning |
| Response specifically to a certain stimulus | Discrimination |
| The same response may be ignited by a similar stimulus | Generalization |
| Negative stimulus is used to get a good response after an undesirable behavior has occurred, like slapping you on the backside or giving you a parking ticket | Punishment |
| Reward based on close to or approximately a desired response | Shaping |
| Reinforcement is determined by the time between responses | Interval |
| Reinforcement depends on the number of correct responses | Ratio |
| Sudden change in one's perception of a problem that results in a solution to the problem | Insight |
| People learn to use different methods and in different situations | Human Learning Theory |
| Purposely abstained from ever encountering a stimulus that causes severely negative response in previous times | Avoidance Conditioning |
| Ratio and interval are two types of intermittent reinforcement | True |
| Fix ratio is best used as an individual reward | True |
| Variable ratio is best used as a team reward | True |
| Many business promotions use the popular interval gimmick to force consumers to spend a lot of money over time | True |
| Variable interval is the basis for successful sales of scratch-off lottery tickets | False |
| Ratio intermittent reinforcement supports the idea of a smoker trying to quit the Habit by gradually reducing the amount of cigarettes per day until it reaches zero | False |
| Coaching may be a great venue to practice shaping true punishment that always resolves and deters bad behavior | False |
| Deciding which coat to wear when you leave the house in the morning may be based on Joe Snedeker's weather report on Channel 16 News | True |
| Human learning theory can be analogized to building a house | True |
| Insight is very similar to conditioning; all employers usually give employees a secondary reinforcement every week or every other week | True |
| Atlantic City in Las Vegas was built on the idea of intermittent reinforcement | True |
| Ratio | Number |
| Interval | Time |
| Fixed | Specific numbers |
| Variable | Interchangeable |
| Classical | UCS (known) |
| Operant | UCS (unknown) |
| Classical | Reinforcer UCS occurs (before) the response |
| Operant | Reinforcer UCS occurs (after) the response |
| Operant | Takes a more active role in the procedure |
| E.C. Tolman | Consists of past experiences, style of behaving, knowledge, various meanings you attach to things in your environment |