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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms keep their internal conditions stable and balanced |
| Chief Complaint | main reason a patient seeks medical care, usually stated in their own words |
| Physical Signs | Physical signs are objective, observable findings of a disease or condition that can be seen, measured, or detected by a healthcare provider |
| Symptoms | subjective experiences a patient feels or reports, describing how they feel |
| Diagnosis | identification of a disease or condition based on symptoms, physical signs, medical history, and test results. |
| Differential Diagnosis | a list of possible conditions that could explain a patient’s symptoms, used to determine the most likely diagnosis. |
| Empathy | the ability to understand and share another person’s feelings, and respond with care and compassion. |
| Demeanor | a person’s outward behavior or manner, especially how they appear or act toward others |
| Tact | the ability to communicate sensitively and respectfully, especially in difficult situations. |
| Artery | a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. |
| Vein | a blood vessel that carries blood back toward the heart, usually low in oxygen. |
| Hyper- | a prefix meaning “above normal” or “excessive” |
| hypo- | prefix meaning “below normal” or “under” |
| -emia | meaning “related to blood” or “a condition of the blood |
| -itis | suffix meaning “inflammation of” |
| chemical reation | a process where substances (reactants) change into new substances (products) with different properties, often involving breaking and forming chemical bonds. |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. |
| risk factor | anything that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or health problem |
| triage | process of prioritizing patients based on the urgency of their medical condition to ensure those who need care most get it first. |
| immune system | is the body’s defense system that fights infections and diseases by identifying and attacking harmful germs, viruses, and abnormal cells. |
| mucus | Mucus is a thick, slippery substance produced by membranes in the body (like the nose and lungs) that traps dust, germs, and other particles and keeps tissues moist. |
| lymph | clear fluid that flows through the lymphatic system, carrying white blood cells and helping the body fight infection and remove waste. |
| lymph nodes | small, bean-shaped structures in the lymphatic system that filter lymph fluid and trap bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances to help the body fight infection. |
| cancer | disease where cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body, disrupting normal body functions |
| carcinogen | any substance or agent that can cause cancer |
| inflammation | he body’s natural response to injury or infection, causing redness, heat, swelling, and pain to help protect and heal tissues. |
| Hypothermia | a dangerous condition where the body’s core temperature drops below normal, usually below 95°F (35°C), which can slow body functions and become life-threatening. |
| Hyperthermia | a condition where the body’s core temperature rises above normal, often due to heat exposure or illness, which can be dangerous if not treated. |
| thermometer | a device used to measure temperature, such as body temperature in medicine. |
| Beats per min | measures how many times the heart beats in one minute, indicating heart rate. |
| pulse | rhythmic expansion of an artery each time the heart beats, which can be felt at certain points like the wrist or neck. |
| Tachycardia | condition where the heart beats faster than normal—usually over 100 beats per minute in adults. |
| Bradycardia | condition where the heart beats slower than normal, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in adults. |
| Radial Artery | a major artery in the forearm that runs along the thumb side and is commonly used to check the pulse. |
| Carotid Artery | a major artery in the neck that supplies blood to the brain, neck, and face. It’s also commonly used to check the pulse in emergencies. |
| Breaths per minute | measures how many times a person breathes in one minute, indicating their respiratory rate. |
| Inspiration | is the act of breathing in air into the lungs. |
| Expiration | is the act of breathing out air from the lungs. |
| Pulse Oximeter | a device that measures the oxygen level (SpO₂) in the blood and often shows the heart rate too. |
| Oxygen | a gas that the body needs to survive, as it is used by cells to produce energy from food. |
| Carbon Dioxide | a gas produced by the body as a waste product when cells use oxygen to make energy, and it is exhaled from the lungs. |
| Hemoglobin | a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs. |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and help remove carbon dioxide. |
| Sphygmomanometer | a device used to measure blood pressure. It usually includes a cuff that wraps around the arm and a gauge to read the pressure. |
| Systole / Systolic | the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles contract and pump blood out of the heart. The systolic blood pressure is the higher number in a blood pressure reading. |
| Diastole / Diastolic | phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles relax and the chambers fill with blood. The diastolic blood pressure is the lower number in a blood pressure reading. |
| mmHg | millimeters of mercury. It’s a unit used to measure pressure, commonly in blood pressure readings. |
| Korotkoff Sounds | a healthcare provider hears through a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure with a cuff. They indicate systolic and diastolic pressures. |
| Brachial Artery | a major artery in the upper arm. It’s commonly used to measure blood pressure with a cuff and stethoscope. |
| Hypertension | a condition where blood pressure is consistently higher than normal, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke |
| Hypotension | a condition where blood pressure is consistently lower than normal, which can cause dizziness, fainting, or shock in severe cases. |
| Stethoscope | a medical device used by healthcare providers to listen to internal body sounds, like the heart, lungs, and intestines. |
| Electrocardiogram | a test that records the electrical activity of the heart to check for heart problems or monitor heart health. |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | a number calculated from a person’s weight and height to estimate if they are underweight, healthy, overweight, or obese. |
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