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Biology

Cell Cycle and Mitosis and Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
What is the cell cycle? The series of events a cell goes through as it grows, copies DNA, and divides.
What happens during G1 phase? The cell grows and carries out normal functions.
What happens during S phase? DNA is copied so each chromosome has two sister chromatids.
What happens during G2 phase? The cell prepares for mitosis by making proteins and organelles.
What is G0 phase? A resting phase where the cell does not divide.
What is chromatin? Loose, uncoiled DNA found in the nucleus during interphase.
What is a chromosome? Condensed, tightly packed DNA visible during mitosis.
What are sister chromatids? Two identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere.
What are homologous chromosomes? A pair of chromosomes with the same genes, one from each parent.
What is mitosis? Division of the nucleus that produces two identical daughter cells.
What type of cells undergo mitosis? Somatic (body) cells.
What happens during prophase? Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and spindle fibers form.
What happens during metaphase? Chromosomes line up at the equator (middle) of the cell.
What happens during anaphase? Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides.
What happens during telophase? Nuclear membranes reform and chromosomes uncoil.
What is cytokinesis? Division of the cytoplasm, forming two separate cells.
How many daughter cells does mitosis produce? Two diploid, genetically identical cells.
What is meiosis? A two-step division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
What types of cells undergo meiosis? Germ cells that produce gametes.
How many divisions occur in meiosis? Two (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).
What happens in Meiosis I? Homologous chromosomes pair, cross over, and separate.
What is crossing over? Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What happens in Meiosis II? Sister chromatids separate, similar to mitosis.
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? Four haploid cells.
How are meiosis daughter cells different? They are genetically different from each other and the parent cell.
What does diploid (2n) mean? A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
What does haploid (n) mean? A cell with one set of chromosomes.
Which cells are diploid? Somatic (body) cells.
Which cells are haploid? Gametes (sperm and egg).
What are gametes? Haploid reproductive cells.
What are the two types of gametes? Sperm and egg (ovum).
What is fertilization? The fusion of sperm and egg.
What is a zygote? A diploid cell formed after fertilization.
What are checkpoints in the cell cycle? Control points that ensure the cell is ready to divide safely.
Why are checkpoints important? They prevent damaged cells from dividing.
What is cancer? Uncontrolled cell division
What causes cancer? Mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle.
What is an oncogene? A mutated gene that promotes uncontrolled cell division.
Mitosis vs Meiosis (key difference) Mitosis makes identical body cells; meiosis makes genetically different gametes.
How many chromosomes do daughter cells have after mitosis vs meiosis? Mitosis: same number; Meiosis: half the number.
Created by: user-1935535
 

 



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