Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
midterm 2026
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrialization effects | Increased production, urbanization, social inequality, global conflict |
| Industrialization and conflict | Industrial competition fueled wars like Boer War, Opium Wars, Russo-Japanese War, and WWI |
| Industrialization and reform | Harsh conditions led to labor laws and social reforms |
| Socialism | Economic system advocating shared ownership to reduce inequality |
| Communism | Classless system where the state controls resources |
| Industrialization today | Industrialization continues globally in modern economies |
| Triple Entente / Allies | Britain, France, Russia |
| Triple Alliance / Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire |
| Causes of Russian Revolution | WWI casualties, poverty, autocratic rule |
| WWI impact on Russia | Heavy casualties weakened government support |
| Causes of Latin American independence | Unequal land distribution and Enlightenment ideas |
| Social cause of Latin American revolutions | Creole resentment of peninsulares |
| Political cause of Latin American revolutions | Napoleon weakened European control |
| Result of independence movements | Political independence achieved |
| Creoles after independence | Became caudillos (military strongmen) |
| Land ownership after independence | Landed elite kept control |
| Peasants after independence | Remained landless and poor |
| Political outcome in Latin America | Dictatorships and frequent revolutions |
| Government issues in Latin America | Corruption and instability |
| Economic outcome in Latin America | Dependence on cash crops caused instability |
| Battle of Leipzig | Major defeat of Napoleon |
| Congress of Vienna | Meeting to restore order after Napoleon |
| Goal of Congress of Vienna | Restore monarchies and balance power |
| Legitimacy | Restoring rightful rulers |
| Collective security | Nations working together to prevent revolution |
| Impact of French Revolution | Spread of nationalism and liberal ideas |
| Peninsulares | Europeans born in Spain or Portugal with highest power |
| Creoles | Europeans born in Latin America |
| Mestizos and Mulattoes | Mixed ancestry groups |
| Cause of Latin American Revolutions | Enlightenment ideas and Napoleon’s invasion of Iberia |
| Haitian Revolution | Successful slave revolt |
| Toussaint Louverture | Leader of the Haitian Revolution |
| Result of Haitian Revolution | First independent Black republic |
| Simon Bolivar | Leader of northern South American independence |
| Jose de San Martin | Leader of southern South American independence |
| Mexican independence began | 1810 |
| Brazilian independence | 1822 under Dom Pedro |
| Result of Latin American Revolutions | Political independence but social inequality remained |
| Industrial Revolution | Shift from hand production to machine factory production |
| Where Industrial Revolution began | England |
| Causes of Industrial Revolution | Agricultural Revolution, population growth, coal |
| Agricultural Revolution | Improved farming increased food supply |
| Enclosure movement | Landowners fenced land, displaced farmers |
| Energy Revolution | Coal and steam power replaced old energy sources |
| Urbanization | Movement of people to cities for factory work |
| Effects of Industrialization | Urban growth, poor working conditions, new middle class |
| Nationalism | Loyalty to a people with shared culture and history |
| Unification | Merging culturally similar states |
| Separation | Breaking away from a larger state |
| State building | Creating unity through shared culture |
| Leader of Italian unification | Cavour and Garibaldi |
| Leader of German unification | Otto von Bismarck |
| Realpolitik | Politics based on power, not ideals |
| Blood and Iron | Bismarck’s use of war and industry |
| Franco-Prussian War | Unified Germany in 1871 |
| Militarism | Glorifying military power |
| Alliance system | Countries promising mutual defense |
| Imperialism | Competition for colonies and resources |
| Nationalism in Europe | Intense pride and rivalry |
| Assassination that triggered WWI | Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 1914 |
| MAIN causes of WWI | Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
| Triple Entente | Britain, France, Russia |
| mercantilism | nations increase wealth and power by exporting more than importing, leads to age of exploration, atlantic slave trade to labor in colonies |
| capitalism or market economy | private ownership of property, investmetn in businesses, entrepreneurs, obtain profit (supply and demand) ex: great britain during industrial revolution |
| communism | factors of production and distribution shared equally among people, belief that capitalism exploits the proletariat (working class) ex: karl marx and friedrich engels, workers of the world unite |
| command economy | system in which all production and distribution is controlled by the gov't, little to no unemployment, low standard of living ex: ussr under stalin, five-plans (catch up to west) limited consumer goods another ex: china under mao |
| socialism | theory in which factors of production are controlled by the gov't (natural resources, transportation, capital/banking) france, canada, |
| Industrialization today | Industrialization continues globally in modern economies |
| Triple Entente / Allies | Britain, France, Russia |
| Triple Alliance / Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire |
| Causes of Russian Revolution | WWI casualties, poverty, autocratic rule |
| WWI impact on Russia | Heavy casualties weakened government support |
| Economic hardship in Russia | Shortages of bread, fuel, and land |
| Role of Rasputin | Symbol of corruption influencing the monarchy |
| February Revolution | Spontaneous protests in St. Petersburg |
| Army reaction in February Revolution | Troops joined protestors |
| Abdication of the Czar | Nicholas II gave up the throne |
| Provisional Government | Duma appointed Kerensky as leader |
| Failure of Provisional Government | Continued involvement in WWI |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the Bolsheviks |
| Lenin’s slogan | Peace, land, and bread |
| October Revolution | Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Russia exited WWI |
| Russian ideology after revolution | Communism based on Marxism |
| USSR creation | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established |
| Lenin’s consolidation of power | Won civil war and strengthened control |
| New Economic Policy (NEP) | Mixed economy combining state and private enterprise |
| One-party rule in USSR | Communist Party controlled the state |
| Stalin’s role after Lenin | Became party leader and dictator |
| Causes of Latin American independence | Unequal land distribution and Enlightenment ideas |
| Social cause of Latin American revolutions | Creole resentment of peninsulares |
| Political cause of Latin American revolutions | Napoleon weakened European control |
| Result of independence movements | Political independence achieved |
| Creoles after independence | Became caudillos (military strongmen) |
| Land ownership after independence | Landed elite kept control |
| Peasants after independence | Remained landless and poor |
| Political outcome in Latin America | Dictatorships and frequent revolutions |
| Government issues in Latin America | Corruption and instability |
| Economic outcome in Latin America | Dependence on cash crops caused instability |
| impacts of nationalism in latin america | south america countries gained independence from Spain (1828) |
| nationalism in germany cause | germany split into multiple kingdoms |
| leaders in nationalism in germany | otto von bismarck, wilhelm I |
| otto von bismarck importance | masterfully used Realpolitik (practical, power-based politics) and military force ("blood and iron") to unify Germany under Prussian dominance in 1871. |
| wilhelm I importance | First German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, unifying Germany. worked with Otto von Bismarck to acheive unification |
| impacts of nationalism in germany | realpolitik, unite germany through "blood and iron" (ex: Franco-Prussian War) Geramny united (1872) and disrupts balance of power in Europe |
| Realpolitik | a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations. |
| nationalism in italy cause | congress of vienna put italian kingdoms under control of austrains and spanish |
| congress of vienna | a diplomatic conference where European powers redrew the continent's map, restored monarchies, and established a balance of power to create lasting peace and stability after the Napoleonic Wars by suppressing revolutionary ideas and containing France. |
| camillo di cavour, giuseppe garibaldi | |
| giuseppe garibaldi importance | key figure in italian unfiication, led redshirts |
| impacts of nationalism in italy | italy united under victor emmanuel II (1872) vatican city remains independent |
| cause of nationalism in eastern europe | multiple ethnic groups controlled by austro-hungarian empire in balkan peninsula, wanted independent nation-states like serbia |
| important people in nationalism eastern europe | archduke franz ferdinand, black hand |
| franz ferdinand | Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His murder by a Serbian nationalist provided Austria-Hungary the pretext to declare war, initiating the Great War. |
| black hand | A Serbian nationalist secret society responsible for organizing the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, an event that sparked World War I. |
| impacts of nationalism in eastern eruope | assassination of the archduke ferdinand, ww1 |
| leaders of nationalism in india | mohandas gandhi, muhammad ali jinnah, jawaharlal nehru |
| gandhi importance | Mahatma Gandhi's importance lies in his pioneering use of nonviolent civil disobedience to lead India to independence, inspiring global movements for civil rights and freedom through his philosophy of satyagraha |
| impacts of nationalism in india | spinning movement and salt march, india gained independence (1947) india was partitioned to create islamic country pakistan |
| nationalism in africa causes | european imperialism & exploitation of land and resources |
| leaders of nationalism in africa | kwame nkrumah, jomo kenyatta |
| impacts of nationalism in africa | boycotts of english goods in ghana, kenyatta jailed in kenya for suspected connection to the mau-mau, ghana (1954) and kenya (1963 gained independence |
| economic reasons for imperialism | need for natural resources and new markets |
| political reasons for imperialism | expand sphere of influence and power, spread culture, more loyal to country, provided europeans for more military and navy bases, berlin conference |
| social reasons for imperialism | social darwinism (survival of fittest, only the powerful can survive) industrialized countries should conquer weaker countries, ethnocentrism |
| reasons europeans were able to colonize africa | new technology (maxim gun), transportation and communication (steam engine, telegraph) ethnic diversity (they were unable to unite and fight europeans) |
| african imperialism caused what | independence movements |
| india imperialism cause | great britain wanted natural resources and new markets |
| sepoy munity | nationalist uprising against british east india company |
| result of india imperialism/independence in india | indian national congress and muslim league: indian nationalist groups, india was partitioned (pakistan & india) |
| world war 1 causes | maina, militarism, assassination of F.F, imperialism, nationalism, alliance systems |
| causes of irish potato famine | potato fungus, lack of agricultural diversity, british continue to export potatoes and other crops |
| laissez faire | a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering, let [people] do" or "allow to do as they choose", act freely |
| effects of irish potato famine | mass emigration, 1 million die, irish nationalism rises |
| armenian genocide causes | religious conflict, young turks came to power 1908: policy to rid ottoman empire of christians, WWI Armenians seen as suspicious and traitors |
| effects of armenian genocide | 1915 massacre of armenian intellectuals, mass deportations through desport, men sent to labor camps, children converted to islam, over 1.6 mil killed |
| democracy characteristics | gov't in which citizens make decisions, direct democracy = citizens vote directly on all isues, representative democracy (republic) = representatives are elected to make decisions |
| democracy examples/effects | athens and rome = basis of western democracy, enlightenment thinkers, french revolution |
| absolutism characteristics | monarch that has complete control over the gov't & citizens, divine right = position/power of ruler created by God, large armies, palaces, territorial expansion |
| absolutism examples/effects | louis xiv (france), louis xvi (france) over spending on luxiries and wars, high taxation, disinterest in gov't |
| feudalism characteristics | decentralized gov't, king has little power, system of obligations - land for royalty, strict social structure, miniority nobles own/control land and gov't peasnats/serfs work land compared to caste system, spanish colonial system |
| louis xvi actions | overspendings on luxuries, palace maintenance, american revolution - led to increased taxes, ignorance of 1788 food shortages, allowed prices on bread to increase, attempted to reform the economy (disaster, no experience in ruling) |
| impact of louis xvi | french revolution, beheaded during reign of terror, rise of nationalism, loyalty to strength and prosperity of the nation or people rather than a king |
| maximilien robespierre | 1789-1794 helped write declaration of the rights of man (french constitution) created a constitutional monarchy, reign of terror = thousands beheaded, took power from the church |
| impacts of robespierre | political instability, multiple constitutions. economic instability, food shortages and high prices remain. french citizens look for stability and order rather than being in fear, rise of napoleon |
| napoleon bonaparte | 1796-1815, coup d'etat gave him control of gov't, napoleonic code (all male suffrage, right to vote) merit system, lycee system, equal taxation, crowned emperor, continental system, peninsular wars dethroned spanish king, invaded russia (fail) |
| impacts of napoleon | napoleonic code's ideas grow through europe, led to demand for democratic expansion, napoleonic wars increase nationalism in europe and latin america |
| napoleonic code | feudal law replaced with a unified, clear system emphasizing equality for men, property rights, and secluarism, congress of vienna |
| congress of vienna | attempted to balance power in europe, led to italian nationalist movements |
| lycee system | school system to train government employees |
| coup d'etat | military overthrow of government |
| klemens von metternich actions | 1815, led congress of vienna, restore balance of power in europe, restore legitimate rulers of europe (old regime) |
| impacts from von metternich | nationalism in europe grew, italian unification |
| toussaint l'overture actions | led slave revolt in saint domingue, new constitution eliminating slavery, governor for life |
| impacts from l'overture | haiti became first free black nation |
| simon bolivar actions | 1808-1830, led arm of creoles, mixed race and peasants against spanish in south america, tried to create large south american country, became a dictator (eventually loses power and support) |
| impacts from simon bolivar | spain lost colonies and economic power, peasants remain landless, power and wealth in hands of landed and military elite |
| otto von bismarck ations | 1862 - 1890, "blood and iron" unite german kingdoms through war, realpolitik, franco-prussian war to force s. german kingdoms to unite with prussia |
| bismarck impacts | united germany disrupted balance of power in europe, great britain and germany become most powerful |
| garibaldi | unifed italy |
Created by:
markoii