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PBS 2.1.2 Vocab Term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hyperthermia | the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. |
| Hypothermia | a dangerous medical condition where your core body temperature drops below 95°F (35°C) because the body loses heat faster than it can produce it |
| Thermometer | a device that measures temperature (heat or cold) by detecting changes in a substance's physical properties |
| Beats per minute | a unit that measures the tempo of music or the rate of a physical pulse, indicating how many beats or pulses occur in one minute, essentially defining the speed or pace. |
| Pulse | the rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries as blood is pumped by the heart |
| Tachycardia | a medical condition where the heart beats abnormally fast, typically over 100 beats per minute (bpm) at rest, due to issues with the heart's electrical signals, ranging from harmless (like during exercise) to severe and life-threatening. |
| Bradycardia | a slow heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute (bpm) in adults, where the heart doesn't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body, causing symptoms like fatigue. |
| Radial Artery | a major blood vessel in your forearm that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to your hand, running down the thumb side of your arm |
| Carotid Artery | a major blood vessel, with one on each side of the neck, that supplies oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain, face, and neck |
| Breaths per minute | your respiratory rate, a vital sign measuring how many breaths you take in 60 seconds, reflecting your body's oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and it's counted by observing chest rises and falls while resting. |
| Inspiration | the drawing in of breath; inhalation. |
| Expiration | exhalation of breath. |
| Pulse Oximeter | a small, noninvasive device, often clipped to a fingertip, that uses light beams to estimate your blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate, indicating how well oxygen is getting to your body without needing a blood sample. |
| Oxygen | a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. |
| Carbon Dioxide | a colorless, odorless gas made of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms |
| Hemoglobin | a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group. |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| Sphygmomanometer | a medical device used to measure blood pressure |
| Systole / Systolic | the heart's contraction phase, where heart chambers (ventricles) squeeze to pump blood out; Systolic refers to the blood pressure during this contraction, the top number (e.g., 120) in a blood pressure reading (120/80 mmHg) |
| Diastole / Diastolic | Diastole is the heart's resting phase where chambers relax and fill with blood, while diastolic refers to measurements or conditions during this phase |
| mmHg | mmHg (millimeters of mercury) is a unit of pressure, historically defined by the height of a mercury column in a barometer |
| Korotkoff Sounds | the pulsating sounds heard through a stethoscope during blood pressure measurement, caused by turbulent blood flow through a partially compressed artery as a cuff is deflated |
| Brachial Artery | the main artery in the upper arm, supplying oxygen-rich blood to the arm, forearm, and hand |
| Hypertension | a common condition where the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high, making the heart work harder and straining vessels, which increases risks for heart attack, stroke, and organ damage |
| Hypotension | when blood pressure drops below the normal range (typically below 90/60 mmHg) |
| Stethoscope | a medical instrument used for auscultation, or listening to internal body sounds like heartbeats, breathing, and intestines, |
| Electrocardiogram | a simple, painless test that records your heart's electrical activity, showing its rate, rhythm, and strength, to help diagnose heart conditions like arrhythmias, heart attacks, heart failure, or check pacemaker function |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | a simple screening tool that estimates body fat using your weight and height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²) or weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared, multiplied by 703. |
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