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CHAPTER 1.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | is the study of structure |
| Physiology | is the study of function |
| These approaches are complementary and never entirely separable. | Anatomy & Physiology |
| Together, they form the bedrock of the health science. | Anatomy & Physiology |
| Physiology | lends meaning to anatomy, and, conversely, anatomy is what makes physiology possible. |
| Unity of form and function | is an important point to bear in mind as you study the body. |
| There are several ways to examine the structure of the human body. | Inspection |
| There are several ways to examine the structure of the human body. | Palpation |
| There are several ways to examine the structure of the human body. | Ausculation |
| There are several ways to examine the structure of the human body. | Percussion |
| Inspection | Simply looking at the body's appearance, as in performing a physical examination or making a clinical diagnosis from surface appearance. |
| Physical examinations also involve | touching and listening to the body. |
| Palpation | means feeling a structure with the hands, such as palpating a swollen lymph node or taking a pulse. |
| Auscultation | is listening to the natural sounds made by the body, such as heart and lung sounds. |
| Percussion | the examiner taps on the body, feels for abnormal resistance, and listens to the emitted sound for signs of abnormalities such as pocket of fluid, air, or scar tissue. |
| Dissection | But a deeper understanding of the body depends on ---- carefully cutting and separting tissues to reveal their relationships. |
| The very words ---- both mean "cutting apart"; until the nineteenth century, ----- was called "anatomizing" | dissection; anatomy; dissection |
| Cadaver | In many schools of health science, one of the first steps in training students is dissection of the ----, a dead human body. |
| Comparative Anatomy | Many insights into human structure are obtained from -----, the study of multiple species in order to examine similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends. |
| Anatomy students often begin by dissecting other ----- with which we share a common ancestry and many structural similarities | animals |
| Dissection | of course, is not the method of choice when studying a living person! |
| Dissection was once common to diagnose disorders through ----- opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done to it. | exploratory surgery |
| Any breach of the body cavities is risky, however, and most exploratory surgery has now been replaced by ---- techniques - methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery,. | Medical imaging |
| Radiology | The branch of medicine concerned with imaging is |
| Gross anatomy | Structure that can be seen with the naked eye - whether by surface observation, radiology, or dissection |
| Ultimately, the functions of the body result from its ----- | individual cells |
| Histology (microscopic anatomy) | We usually take tissue specimens, thinly slice and stain them, and observe them under the microscope to see individual cells. |
| Histopathology | is the microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease. |
| Cytology | is the study of the structure and function of individual cells. |
| Ultrastructure | refers to the fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope |
| Physiology | uses the methods of experimental science discussed later. |
| Neurophysiology | (physiology of the nervous system) |
| Endrocrinology | (physiology of hormones) |
| Pathophysilogy | (mechanisms of disease) |
| Comparative physiology | Partly because of limitations on experimentation with humans, much of what we know about bodily function has been gained through ----, the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction. |
| Comparative physiology | is also the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures. |
| Cardiac surgeon | may learn animal surgery before practicing on humans |
| Animal research | vaccine cannot be used on human subjects until it has been demonstrated through animal research that it confers significant beliefs without unacceptable risks. |
| What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? | Anatomy focuses on the body's structure, akin to understanding the blueprint of a building. Physiology, on the other hand, examines how these structures function, similar to how a building operates with its electrical and plumbing systems. |
Created by:
Russells3709