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PSY 311: Lecture

Psychological Theory

QuestionAnswer
Research is grounded in theory. Theory helps us 1. Understand a phenomenon 2. Predict outcomes 3. Organize and integrate findings 4. Generate research ideas
Social exchange theory people stay/or leave relationships based on costs and benefits
Dual process theories thoughts are either automatic or deliberate, applied to prejudice, relationships, economy
Heuristic Value how well a theory inspires new ideas
What is a theory? partially verified explanation of a phenomenon that can be tested indirectly
Qualities of a Theory 1. statements about a phenomenon 2. describes relationship between variables 3. explains the phenomenon 4. can generate testable predictions 5. are working truths
Theories often deal with theoretical constructs -variable that cannot be directly observed -thus we are unable to directly test a theory
Theories lead to hypotheses -Tentative statement about the relationship between variables that can be directly tested
Testing hypotheses can modify theories -if hypothesis is supported, theory is supported -if hypothesis is not, theory is revised or scrapped
Testing hypothesis cannot "prove" or "dissaprove" a theory never accepted as absolutely correct
Studies test hypothesis, which are more specific/ narrow than theories results may not generalize
But before we can apply evidence, we need to ask the right questions 1. The Question: identify a question 2. The Hypothesis: what do you think the answer is to your question 3. The Approach: design a study to test your hypothesis 4. The Answer: prove or disprove your hypothesis
Confidence in a theory depends on the amount of support for it -Theories are often highly supported, are not guesses, hunches, etc.
Replication is critical for confidence in a theory
Direct Replication repeating the study in the same manner -increases confidence in the hypothesis
Conceptual Replication using different methods to test the same research question -increases confidence in the theory
The 3 main ideas theorize, hypothesize, replicate
Created by: user-1979983
 

 



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