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Exam 1

Microbiology

TermDefinition
Microbiology The study of small biological specimens
Robert Hooke (1635-1703) The first to describe microbes. Illustrated the fruiting structures of molds.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) The first to describe bacteria. Further progress required development of more powerful microscope. Termed them Animalcules. One of the individuals referred to as the Father of Microbiology.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) Discovered that living organisms discriminate between optical isomers. Disproved theory of spontaneous generation. Developed vaccines for anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies. Invented the process of pasteurization.
Spontaneous Generation Observation: Raw meat rots when left out. Theories: 1. Microorganisms arose spontaneously. 2. Microorganisms developed from seeds or germs from the air.
Francesco Redi 1668 - disproves spontaneous generation.
John Needham 1745 - Flask is boiled, flask remains open while cooling, flask is capped, microbial growth. Likely Explanations for result: 1. Did not boil the broth long enough to sterilize. 2. Possible contamination. 3. Possible presence of a bacterial endospore.
Lazzaro Spallanzani 1768 - Experiment was conflicted due to "vital force" was left out (sealed flask).
Louis Pasteur (1) 1859 - Swan Neck Flask Experiment: non sterile liquid poured into flask, neck of flask drawn out in flame, liquid sterilized by extensive heating. Liquid cooled slowly, liquid remains sterile indefinitely.
Louis Pasteur (2) Flask tipped such that microorganism-laden dust contacts sterile liquid. Liquid putrefies.
Pasteurization A process to decrease the number of microbes in a sample. This process is NOT sterilization.
Sterilization The complete elimination of all living things.
Louis Pasteur's Vaccines Fowl Cholerae, Anthrax Vaccine, Rabies Vaccine
Edward Jenner 1796 - Pioneer of Vaccinology. Cowpox vaccine
Created by: taraaburnham
 

 



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