atoms are composed of

protons, neutrons and electrons

the four major type of organic molecules

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

lipid location of the body is

adipose tissue, hormones found in blood and cell membranes

location of the body for protein

skin, blood, everywhere, muscles and cell membranes

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chapter 2

Question	Answer
the chemical level deals with	atoms and molecules
the levels of organization 1.	chemical
the levels of organization 2.	oraganelle
the levels of organization 3.	cell
the levels of organization 4.	tissue
the levels of organization 5.	organ
the levels of organization 6.	organ system
the levels of organization 7.	organism
matter is composed of	liquid, gases and solids
liquid, gases and solids are	matter
atoms are composed of	protons, neutrons and electrons
oxygen symbol	O
carbon symbol	C
hydrogen symbol	H
Nitrogen symbol	N
calcium symbol	Ca
Phosphorus symbol	P
Sulfur symbol	S
Potassium symbol	K
the simplest chemical component of matter is	element
atoms will bind with other atoms to form	molecules
atoms with a charge are called	ions
a weak bond that occurs between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen or nitrogen atom	hydrogen bond
the human body is approximately how much water	50 to 75 percent
what body fluids are not considered pure water	tears, saliva and plasma
every solution is composed of two basic parts	solutes and solvent
comparing solutions is	tonicity
a molecule that releases hydrogen when added to water is	acid
the higher PH is	alkalosis
the lower PH is	acidosis
the four major type of organic molecules	carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
1. main energy source for cells 2. stored energy source	carbohydrates
building blocks for carbohydrates	monosaccharides
1.Glucose 2. Glycogen	carbohydrates
glycogen is a starch found in	muscle and liver
glucose is found	is a sugar found in blood
building blocks for lipids are	fatty acids and glycerol
lipid location of the body is	adipose tissue, hormones found in blood and cell membranes
fats, steroids and phospholipids are	lipids
1. stored energy 2. regulate the body. 3. give structure to the cell and regulate what goes in and out of the cell	Lipid
building blocks of amino acids	protein
location of the body for protein	skin, blood, everywhere, muscles and cell membranes
1. give strength 2. regulate the body3. transport other molecules 4. aid in chemicals reactions 5. fight foreign invaders 6. allow for contractions of muscles 7. holds cells together	protein
keratin and collagen, hormone, transport proteins, enzymes	protein
building blocks for nucleotides are	nucleic acid
nucleus of a cell and many places in a cell	nucleic acid
DNA & RNA are	Nucleic acid
molecules of different types come together to form	organelles
the organelles are suspended within the cell in a fluid called	cytoplasm
protein fibers organizes the organelles within the cytoplasm is called	cytoskeleton
gives structures to the cell, defining what is intracellular	cell membrane
move in wakelike motion to move materials past the cell	cilia
hairlike extension of cell membrane	cilia
provide extra surface area for the cell	microvilli
houses DNA	Nucleus
carry out cellular respiration and process the energy released to form ATP	Mitochondria
assemble amino acids into proteins	ribosomes
1. site of protein production 2. site of lipid production	endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
receives and modifies proteins and lipids produced in the cell	golgi complex
carry materials from golgi complex to the cell membrane for export outside the cell	secretory vesicles
store and isolate enzymes often used for intracellular digestion until they are needed	lysosomes
to regulate what may enter or leave the cell by a process called	membrane transport
can move materials across the cell membrane in either direction	passive transport
passive transport method that moves materials across call membrane using force but no energy	filtration
all atoms and molecules maintain a constant state of motion	simple diffusion
heat causes molecules to move faster	temperature
heavy proteins move slower thank lighter, smaller molecules such as electrolytes and gases diffuse faster	molecular weight
the amount of difference in concentration on either side of the membrane	concentration gradient
the speed of diffusion is increased with greater surface area so there is more membrane for this to occur	membrane surface area
passive transport method is used for molecules that cannot diffuse through the selectively permeable membrane on their own such as glucose	facilitated diffusion
a solution may be _____	hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic
other name for genetic code	DNA
in any reaction you start with ______	reactants and end with products
white blood cells need many ________ containing digestive enzymes to destroy bacteria	lysosomes
white blood cells that_____ eat and destroy bacteria do not need the same relative amounts of organelles	phagocytize
what molecule is found between the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids	cholesterol
to regulate what may enter or leave the cell by a process called	membrane transport
an important homeostasis concept is fluid and electrolyte balance	osmosis
moves materials into the cell in bulk	endocytosis
moves materials out of the cell in bulk	exocytosis
protein synthesis	making protein
protein synthesis is a two stage process	transcription and translation
transcription must happen first in	nucleus
translation happens at the	ribosome
Two types of of cell division	meiosis and mitosis
involved only in sperm and egg production	meiosis
the process all other cells use to divide and it is necessary for the development of the human anatomy	mitosis
mitosis stage 1	prophase
mitosis stage 2	metaphase
mitosis stage 3	anaphase
mitosis stage 4	telophase
sequences of nucleotides that provide a protective cap on the ends of chromosomess	Telomeres
study of tissues	histology
the four basic classifications of tissues are	epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
covers organs, vessels and ducts and line hollow organ, vessels and ducts	epithelial tissues
squamous cells	flat and thin
cuboidal	cube shaped
columnar	tall column shaped
separates epithelial tissue from other tissues is	basement membrane
tissues layering is described fin three ways	epithelial tissue, stratified epithelial, pseudostratified
connective tissues all have cells and fibers in a	matrix
a loose arrangement of fibers in a matrix with a thick fluid consistency is called	loose/ areolar connective tissue
loose/ areolar connective tissue is found in the	middle layer of the skin ( dermis ) and between the serous layers of the mesenteries
mostly dense bundles of collagen ( protein) fibers that runs parallel to each other	dense regular connective tissue
fiber making cells are occasionally interspersed between fibers	fibroblasts
the cells in this tissue are not able to move	immobile

Created by: lupita25

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