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Sociology
Vocab 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| status | a socially-defined position in a group or in society |
| sociocultural evolution | changes that occur as a society gains new technology |
| social structure | the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction |
| barter | the practice of exchanging one, good for another |
| role | the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status |
| gesellschaft | an industrial society characterized by weak family ties and competition |
| gemeinschaft | a preindustrial society based on tradition, kinship, and close social ties |
| social solidarity | the degree to which a society is unified |
| role strain | occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status |
| organic solidarity | the impersonal relationships that arise with increased job specialization, in which individuals can no longer provide for all of their own needs |
| master status | a status that tends to take their rank above all others |
| social institution | a system of statuses, roles, values, and norms that is organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society |
| ascribed status | a position that is assigned according to qualities beyond a person´s control, such as age |
| achieved status | a position that is acquired through a person´s direct efforts, such as education |
| role set | the different roles attached to a single status |
| role conflict | when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role exceptions of another status |
| mechanical soilidarity | the close-knit social relationships are common in preindustrial socialites that result when a small group of people share the same values. |
| urbanization | the shifting of the population from farms and villages to large cities |
| role performance | the actual behaviors of a person with a particular status |
| mechanization | the process of replacing animal and human power with machine power |