What is cognitive psychology?

The scientific study of mental actions and processes that underlie human behaviour.

What kinds of processes does cognitive psychology study?

Attention, perception, memory, decision making, language, and problem solving.

According to Neisser, what defines cognitive psychology?

How people acquire, store, transform, and use information.

Why is cognition not directly observable?

Because mental processes must be inferred from behaviour.

What is Descartes’ “evil demon” argument about?

Questioning the reliability of perception and knowledge.

What was the goal of structuralism?

To break conscious experience into basic elements.

Why did structuralism decline?

Introspection was subjective and unreliable.

What is behaviourism?

An approach in psychology that studies observable behaviour only and does not focus on thoughts or feelings. Main goal is to see how we learn behaviour. Their main idea is that behaviour is shaped by external factors and conditioning.

What did behaviourists reject?

The study of internal mental processes. Which is the view that behaviour is entirely shaped by the environment.

Why was behaviourism appealing scientifically?

It focused on measurable, objective data.

What triggered the cognitive revolution?

Limitations of behaviourism in explaining complex behaviour.

What metaphor became central to cognitive psychology?

The mind as an information-processing system.

How did cognition change the view of behaviour?

Behaviour became seen as one output of mental processes.

What is bottom-up processing?

Data-driven processing starting from sensory input.

What is top-down processing?

Knowledge-driven processing based on expectations and prior knowledge.

What is structuralism?

An early approach in psychology that tries to break the mind into basic parts. For example, breaking thoughts into sensations, feelings, and images.

What is introspection?

Looking inside your own mind and describing your thoughts and feelings. It focuses on Sensations, feelings, and thoughts. But it is criticised because it is subjective and hard to test scientifically.

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Constructing Psych

Psychology SEM 1 THEME 1

Question	Answer
What is cognitive psychology?	The scientific study of mental actions and processes that underlie human behaviour.
What kinds of processes does cognitive psychology study?	Attention, perception, memory, decision making, language, and problem solving.
According to Neisser, what defines cognitive psychology?	How people acquire, store, transform, and use information.
Why is cognition not directly observable?	Because mental processes must be inferred from behaviour.
Which philosopher influenced early ideas of function and purpose in psychology?	Aristotle
Which philosopher proposed mind–body dualism?	Descartes
What is Descartes’ “evil demon” argument about?	Questioning the reliability of perception and knowledge.
Who founded structuralism?	Wilhelm Wundt.
What method did structuralists use?	Introspection
What was the goal of structuralism?	To break conscious experience into basic elements.
Why did structuralism decline?	Introspection was subjective and unreliable.
What is behaviourism?	An approach in psychology that studies observable behaviour only and does not focus on thoughts or feelings. Main goal is to see how we learn behaviour. Their main idea is that behaviour is shaped by external factors and conditioning.
What did behaviourists reject?	The study of internal mental processes. Which is the view that behaviour is entirely shaped by the environment.
Why was behaviourism appealing scientifically?	It focused on measurable, objective data.
What triggered the cognitive revolution?	Limitations of behaviourism in explaining complex behaviour.
What metaphor became central to cognitive psychology?	The mind as an information-processing system.
How did cognition change the view of behaviour?	Behaviour became seen as one output of mental processes.
What is bottom-up processing?	Data-driven processing starting from sensory input.
What is top-down processing?	Knowledge-driven processing based on expectations and prior knowledge.
What is structuralism?	An early approach in psychology that tries to break the mind into basic parts. For example, breaking thoughts into sensations, feelings, and images.
What is introspection?	Looking inside your own mind and describing your thoughts and feelings. It focuses on Sensations, feelings, and thoughts. But it is criticised because it is subjective and hard to test scientifically.

Created by: Abigail-

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