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critical c2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Assertions | propositions with a truth to claim/claims something is true |
| conditionals | if something "then..." A conditional asserts that the truth of the antecedent is sufficient or enough for the truth of the consequent |
| conjunction | Any proposition with "and" - asserting multiple things |
| disjunction | any proposition with "or" |
| proposition noun clause | a sentence prefixed with "that." The verb (2) relies on the noun (1) to be true (change definition) "believes that," "says that," "thinks that" → do NOT assert the proposition "knows that," "remembers that," "proves that" → DO assert the proposition |
| assertion test | make a proposition false and ask yourself if the whole thing could still be true |
| Too Broad | Leaves out a necessary condition (includes things that shouldn't count) |
| Too Narrow | Includes a condition that's not necessary (excludes things that should count) |
| Counterexamples | Use to show a definition is too broad or narrow |
| Necessary Condition | A condition that must be present for something to be the case; if the necessary condition is absent, then the thing cannot be the case. |
| Sufficient Condition | A condition that, if present, guarantees that something is the case; when sufficient conditions are met, nothing else is needed. |
| SEEC Method | (S) provide a Slogan - a brief, succinct statement; (E) Elaborate by explaining key concepts and their relations; (E) provide Examples; (C) identify Contrasting concepts, beliefs, or proposals. |
| Elaborate | Expanding on the slogan by filling in details and explaining how the key concepts are related to one another. (Offering brief expansions of the key terms, saying how the terms are related to each other) |
| Slogan | The initial, brief, succinct statement of meaning (e.g., "Knowledge is justified, true belief"). |
| Examples | Non-controversial examples that everyone will agree fit the definition; should include enough detail to make clear why they fit. |
| Assertion Test | A test to determine what a statement claims: suppose a particular proposition is false and ask whether what the speaker says could still be true. |
| Independent Condition | Conditions or elements are independent when you can have some without having others (e.g., a belief can be true without being justified; justified without being true). |
| What is the point of including a contrasting concept? | The point of including a contrasting concept is to avoid confusing the concept being defined with ones that are very similar but different |
| mistake of a false definition | A mistake where a definition's slogan is too broad (leaving out a necessary condition) or too narrow (including an unnecessary condition) or both. |
| Strawman Mistake | Distorting or misrepresenting another person's beliefs or their reasons for their beliefs; prevents getting to the truth together and is disrespectful. |
| Equivocation | Using words in different senses without realizing it; makes it hard to know if an assertion is true because the meaning is unclear. |
| Getting Stuck in a Framework | The mistake of not realizing that there are other perspectives on a given phenomenon, problem, or issue; failing to consider alternative conceptual approaches. |
| Framework | A set of concepts and methods that define a specific perspective or point of view; different frameworks allow different ways of describing, explaining, and raising questions about a phenomenon. |
| open-Ended Clarification Questions | Questions that require more than a "Yes/No" answer and encourage detailed responses (e.g., "Why do you think that..." rather than "Do you think that..."). |
| Talking Past Each Other | A mistake that occurs when people in a discussion use the same words with different meanings and are not aware of this, so they don't understand what each other is saying. |
| Clarifying Beliefs | Using the SEEC method to state opinions clearly without necessarily providing reasons or evidence for those opinions; the goal is clarity, not persuasion. |
| Clarifying Problems | Using the SEEC method to make clear what makes something a problem, not just that it is a problem; people may agree something is a problem but disagree on what makes it problematic. |
| Consequent | following as a result or effect. |
| antecedent | someone or something existing or happening before |
Created by:
aishamahboob