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Biology
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chromosome reduction | an event during meiosis during which the original number of chromosomes decreases by half |
| crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which results in new allelic |
| diploid | a cell, individual, or species whose genetic information consists of two homologous sets of chromosome |
| fertilization | the process by which the gametes of two parents unite to form a zygote with a full set of chromosomes |
| gamete | a specialized haploid sex cell, such as a sperm or egg cell, with half the standard number of chromosomes |
| genetic diversity | the difference in the DNA sequences and genes between individuals due to events such as crossing over and mutations |
| haploid | a cell, individual, or species whose genetic information consists of only one set of chromosomes |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are similar in structure and function but differ in specific genetic instructions such as alleles |
| independent assortment | the process in which homologous chromosomes sort themselves randomly when lining up during metaphase I of meiosis, contributing to genetic variation |
| meiosis | the specialized form of cell division that produces four haploid gametes, or sex cells, from one diploid parent cel |
| sexual reproduction | a form of reproduction in which genetic information in the gametes of two parents is combined to produce genetically unique offspring |
| zygote | a diploid cell that forms when an egg and sperm join during fertilization |