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Japan History FACTS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who ruled Japan in the feudal period? What did he loose? When did he loose it? | Tokugawa shogun. His power. 1868 |
| Which emperor took aforementioned leaders place? | Emperor Meiji |
| What does this translate to? | "Enlightened rule" |
| What was this event known as? | The Meiji Restoration |
| When the emperor was restored how was Japan as a country? mw, pa, ltd | Militarily weak, primarily agricultural, and with little technological development |
| What was it controlled by? | Semi independent feudal lords |
| What had the western powers forced Japan to do? fs and c | Sign treaties that limited its control over its own foreign trade, and required that foreigners in Japan be tried not in Japanese but in western courts |
| When did the Meiji period end? Why? | The death of the emperor and in 1912. |
| What did Japan have by then? Name at least 3 out of six | Highly centralized, bureaucratic government, a constitution establishing an elected parliament, a well-developed transport and communication system, a highly educated population free of fuedal class restrictions + more (industrial and power army and navy) |
| RWhat had Japan established and how? | Full independence; equality in international affairs. By winning two wars (one of which against Russia) |
| Did Japan have great success in modernization? | yes |
| What aspect of the Meiji Restoration played a role in this? | The people who had overthrown the shogun caused that the emperor did not rule directly and rather he had to accept advice from them |
| Who were these people? | Samarai (ambitious, able, patriotic, lower ranks of samarai) |
| which year were the ___requested to give up their domains? | Feudal lords: July 1869 |
| When were these domains actually abolished and transformed into prefectures of a unified central state? | 1871 |
| What were the fuedal lords and samurai offered? What was it changed to? What happened to the samurai eventually? | A yearly stipend; a one-time payment in government bonds. They lost their class when the government declared all classes to be equal |
| What did they do in 1876? Gov. What did the samurai do? | Banned the wearing of samurai's swords. Cut off their top knots in favor of Western-style haircuts and took up jobs in business and the professions |
| What was created in 1872? What did it require? What else happened? | A national army based on universal conscription. Required three years of military service from all men, samurai, and commoner alike. (so all). A national land tax system was established that required payment in money instead of rice, stabilize nat budget |
| Did the top leadership leave to travel in Europe and the United states to study western ways in 1872? | Yes |
| How did conservative groups react to this? | They argued that Japan should reply to Koreas refusal to revise a centuries old treaty with an invasion with the intention of the samurai regaining their importance |
| Did they succeed with above? | No, the leaders quickly returned from Europe and reestablished their control iterating a priority on Japan focusing on its own modernization and not engage in such foreign adventures. |
| In the 70s and 80s what was the top priority? | Domestic reform |
| What happened in 1877? | The satsuma rebellion, when the governments newly drafted army that were trained in European infantry techniques and armed with modern Western guns defeated the last resistance of the traditional samurai warriors. |
| How did Japan tackle the dubious japanese response to westernization? | Created a civic ideology centered around the emperor, brought Shinto faith to national prominence, replacing buddhism. = National unity |
| Did the emperor actually rule? | Not really, it was his advisers; the small group of men who exercised political control that devised and carried out the reform program in the name of the emperor. |
| What did the government do (economic changes) What happened? | Built railway and shipping lines, telegraph and telephone systems, three shipyards, ten mines, five munitions works, fifty three consumer industries (sugar, glass, textiles, cement, chemicals, +) However they eventually sold these industries too spenny |
| What were corporate conglomerates called? | Zaibatsu |
| What is the elected parliament called? | The Diet |
| What did the government due in terms of schools? | Moral training - importance of duty to emperor, country, and their families |
| When was the constitution published? | 1889 |
| Originally who could vote in elections? When did this change? | the wealthiest one percent. In 1925 this was changed so that all men could vote |
| What did Japan do to win the recognition of the western powers and convince them to change their unequal treaties? | Changed its entire legal system, adopting a new criminal and civil code modeled after those of France and Germany |
| When did they finally achieve these revised treaties? | 1894 |
| Who did Japan fight with in 1894? Why? What did they gain in the proccess? What was this known as? | Against China over its interest in Korea which china had claimed as a vassal state. Worried that the Russians might gain control of that weak nation. Taiwan. Sino-Japanese war. |
| Is it true that France, Russia, and Germany ganged up on Japan for the Liaotung peninsula? What was this known as? Who took it all for themselves? | Yes. The triple intervention. Russia |
| What did the Japanese draw/conclude from this? | That they needed to strengthen their military even further. |
| What happened in 1904? | The russians were planing to establish control over Korea, and thus Japan declared war on Russia amd won in 1905. Thus established dominance. |
| What came after the meiji era? | The Taisho period |
| What is this period also known as? | The Taisho democracy because the japanese society and political system was significantly more open than they had ever been. Because of record breaking economic prosperity |
| What happened at the end of World War I | Japan entered a severe economic depression, and optimism gradually disappeared |
| What happened to the political party government? What happened with companies? | It was marred by corruption and instead the government and military grew stronger and the parliament weaker. Industries increasingly controlled by a few giant businesses, the zaibatsu |
| What else happened in terms of trade tensions? | Growing international disapproval of Japan's activities in China |
| True or False: Success in competing with the European powers in East Asia strengthened the idea that Japan could and should further expand its influence on the Asian mainland by military force. And Insecurity in international relations --> right wing cl | True! |
| What was the policy of the shogun? | To be isolated from the outside world in an attempt to shield its civilisation from the percieved threat posed by christianity. |
| Thus when did Japanese nationalism begin? | In the second half of the 19th century. |
| Who arrived in Japan in 1853? What did he want? | Commodore Matthew Perry, an American naval officer. He was determined to get Japan to open up to US demands for trade |
| Who was the ruling shogun at the time? And what was the treaty called that they signed together? | Tokugawa and the treaty of Kanagawa was signed. |
| What did this treaty do? | Political power now returned to the emperor who became known as the Meiji or enlightened emperor |
| What were reforms led with? | the cry of "rich country, strong military" |
| Which countries military tactics did they adopt? obvi. Who helped them establish what? | Germany. Britain helped establish a new navy |
| Did the Japanese military expansion increase between 1895 and 1905 | Yes |
| What was the population told to do? Why? | "Endure through hardship." As huge amounts of money were spent on the army and navy |
| What patriotic society was established and what did it do? | The amur river society was established to promote the idea of Japanese expansion on the mainland. |
| What did Japan and Britain sign in 1902? | The Anglo-Japanese alliance. Significant because it was the first time a military alliance had been signed between a western and non western nation. |
| In the Russo-Japanese war what was decisive and what was a consequence? | The war at sea and the great loss of life. |
| What were the Russians forced to adopt? | The treaty of Portsmouth |
| How did the Japanese react to the treaty of portsmouth? What were the good things for japan? | They were disappointed with the terms of this treaty as they had been led to expect much more. Japan did gain a lot territory though and earned not only the respect of the west but also the admiration of other Asian countries who saw Japan as a role model |
| Explain cycle? | The need to defend its new territories brought with it the demand for a stronger army and fleet |
| Under the first world war what did Japan do to Germany? | Demanded colonial territory, declared war on Germany, seized Germanys military bases on Shandong Peninsula and navy occupied Germanys South Pacific possessions. |
| Under the first world war what did Japan do to China? | The twenty-one demands which included China giving Shandong and commercial privileges in Manchuria and China was not able to lease any more coastal territory to other powers and had to accept political, financial, and military advisors from Japan. |
| Where the chinese demands modified? | Yes, as to not damage their reputation as much |
| How else did Japan benefit from the first world war? exports? | By supplying goods to the allies and also by supplying orders to Asian markets that the allies were unable to fulfil which made Japan more self-sufficient. |
| Was the bolshevik russian revolution in Russia in 1917 goood or bad explain why? | Bad in terms that it caused mistrust as the Japanese had said they would only send 7500 men but they sent 70,000 men instead and also stayed on after the end of the civil war but they were defeated by the bolsheviks. Caused attacks on gov in japan |
| Which conference was after world war 1? What did Japan secure here? | The conference of versailes. The formerly german pacific islands and germanys former economic privleges on the Shandong peninsula which firmly established Japan as an important economic power |
| In terms of the league of nations what happened with Japan? | They were not able to get racial equality clauses included in LON. |
| Who was the foreign minister around the 1920s? | Shidehara Kijuro - he was also the ambassador to Washington in 1921 and forged a policy of internationalism during the 1920s, aiming to develop Japans economy via peaceful means e.g. good relations with USA, continuing to seek economic advancement (in fw) |
| What was the anglo japanese alliance replaced by? At the washington conference? What was it later further replaced by? | The four power treaty with Britain, Japan, USA, and France where they agreed to confer should possesions be threatened in the pacific. The nine power treaty in feb 1922 which included china to respect chinese independence and integrity. |
| What did Japan also agree to do? | Return German concessions in shandong seized during the first world war. |
| What other treaty was established? | The five power naval treaty which restricted the battleships and aircraft carriers by setting a ratio of 5:5:3 which required Japans imperial navy to abandon its plans for a massive expansion and was deeply opposed by the navy general staff. |
| What was this select group of treaties called? | The Washington treaty system which indicated that Japan was commited to international cooperation in the 1920s. |
| How many political parties controlled the diet? | 2 political parties. Important because the prime ministers position was now given to those with genuine experience rather than being a part of the elite. |
| Who was prime minister from 1918 to 1921 | Prime minister Hara |
| What did Hara do? | He led Japan into the league of nations where its membership of the council showed that it was accepted as one of the worlds leading powers. |
| Explain the problem of a fragile democracy: | Financial scandals and election law violations eroded public support for the political parties each party linked to big busnisses in the cities or landlords in the countryside also deepened suspicion. Likewise fear of left wing radicalism so limited po fr |
| USA quota 150,000 explain YASSS | Limited asiatics "provocation by the west" |
| What happened when emperor Hirohito died? | People were hoping to see the return of nationalism |
| The economic boom of the war years lasted only until the middle of 1921, when europe began to revive and take back lost markets. TRUE OR FALSE | True |
| EXPLAIN FROM HERE ON --> | unemployment, industrial unrest, bitter strikes, large divide between rural and urban areas. (rice) when farmers and workers tried to organize themselves politically they were suppresed by the police and created frustration with a political system (c l |
| What was Korea seen as? | "A dagger thrust at the heart" |
| Did china win anything atp? | Yeah they toppled the manchu dynasty but its lowkey still weak and divided and dominated by warlords. |
| Whats another reason for this political instability? | The #drama between the nationalist party and the communist party |
| Fast forward to 1929 what happened? | #wallstreetcrash |
| Which act did what? | Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (Herbert Hoover) 200% - what was worst hit? the silk industry |
| How much unemployment was there? | 3 million |
| Why was manuchuria important? | wealth of resources (coal, iron timber), living space, |
| What was the special army called? | Kwantung army (quantum physics) |
| The prime minister strongly urged against this invasion by ka? | True, and the letter was intentionally held back from delivering |
Created by:
lola888