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unit 8 diseases
diseases and condition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| apnea | Temporary interruption of breathing. |
| bradypnea | Condition of slower-than-normal breathing. |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | Unusual breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea (between 10 and 60 seconds), followed by gradually increasing respirations. |
| dyspnea | Difficult or painful breathing |
| eupnea | Condition of normal breathing. |
| hyperpnea | Condition of deeper-than-normal breathing. |
| hyperventilation | Condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal. |
| hypoventilation | Condition in which breathing is too slow and shallow. |
| orthopnea | Condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight. |
| rales | Abnormal crackling sound heard during auscultation (listening to the internal sounds) of the lungs while the patient is breathing in; usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airway. |
| rhonchi | A coarse rattling or high-pitched snoring sound heard during auscultation of the lungs; usually indicates narrowing of the air passages, such as during asthma or a respiratory infection. |
| stridor | Harsh, high-pitched sound during respiration that indicates an airway obstruction. |
| tachypnea | Condition of faster-than-normal breathing. |
| wheezing | High-pitched sound during exhalation. |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | Condition in which fluid builds up in the lungs, preventing oxygen from reaching the bloodstream; usually develops due to severe injury or infection. |
| aspiration | Inhalation of a foreign body, food, or fluid through the nose, throat, or lungs during inspiration. |
| asthma | Condition characterized by sudden, periodic attacks of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membranes in the bronchi. |
| atelectasis | Collapsed or airless lung caused by any condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding normally to allow breathing and coughing. |
| bronchitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes. |
| bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer) | A malignant tumor that originates in the bronchi. |
| bronchospasm | Sudden, involuntary contractions in the bronchi. |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Disease characterized by reduced ability of the lungs to perform their function of ventilation. Symptoms include persistent dyspnea during exertion. (rest of it is in textbook) |
| common cold | Acute (short-term) inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes |
| croup | Childhood disease characterized by a “barking” cough and high-pitched breathing. |
| cyanosis | Condition of bluish tint to the skin due to lack of oxygen circulation to the body tissues. |
| cystic fibrosis | Inherited disease that affects the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands. Cystic fibrosis, which usually begins in infancy, is characterized by chronic respiratory infection, pancreatic insufficiency, and heat intolerance.(rest in textbook) |
| diphtheria | Serious infection of the nose and throat in which a thick sheet of gray matter covers the pharynx, obstructing the flow of air. A vaccine can prevent diphtheria. |
| emphysema | Chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an abnormal increase in the size of the alveoli, accompanied by loss of elasticity; results in shortness of breath and impaired heart function. |
| empyema | Pus in the pleural cavity; usually the result of a lung infection. |
| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis |
| hay fever (allergic rhinitis) | Allergic disease of the mucous membranes in the nose and upper respiratory passages; caused by exposure to pollen from grass, weeds, flowers, and other allergenic substances. |
| hemothorax | Bloody fluid in the pleural cavity caused by the rupture of small blood vessels due to inflammation of the lungs. Hemothorax is common in pneumonia, tuberculosis, and malignant tumors. |
| hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack) | Excessive breathing to the point that blood levels of carbon dioxide fall below normal. Symptoms include anxiety, dizziness, numbness, rapid breathing, and tingling in the hands and feet. |
| influenza | Acute, contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract characterized by sudden onset, fever, chills, headache, myalgia (muscle aches), cough, and sore throat. |
| laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx (voice box). |
| nasal polyp | Tumor with a stem of new growth in the nose or nasal cavity. |
| pertussis (whooping cough) | An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than six years. A vaccine can prevent pertussis. |
| pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx (throat). |
| pleural effusion | The escape of fluid into the pleural cavity due to excessive fluid buildup in the pleural space. (rest is in textbook) |
| pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, or chemical irritant. |
| pneumothorax | Collection of air or gas in the pleural space. |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | A traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in a lung. |
| respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | Highly contagious virus that spreads through respiratory droplets and is a major cause of illness in young children. |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | A potentially life-threating viral infection that affects the respiratory system and can also affect other body systems, causing multiorgan system failure. One current example of SARS is COVID-19, |
| sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses caused by a viral or bacterial infection. |
| sleep apnea | Periodic cessation (interruption or stoppage) of breathing during sleep. |
| sputum | Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract |
| Strep throat | Infection of the throat caused by the Streptococcus bacterium; characterized by a red, painful, and purulent (containing pus) throat. |
| tonsillitis | Inflammation of the tonsils caused by a viral or bacterial infection. |
| tuberculosis (TB) | A serious communicable (contagious) disease caused by bacterial infection of the lungs. (the rest is in the textbook) |
Created by:
ayounismayo