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Bio. U11 Yr. 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If a cell's diploid number is 32, how many chromosomes are in the cell during anaphase of mitosis? | 64 |
| How many chromatids are present in a cell with diploid number 4 during anaphase I? | 8 |
| Metastatic tumor = | A cancerous mass of cells that has moved from original location to other parts of the body |
| Benign tumor = | A cancerous mass of cells that has not spread to other parts of the body |
| Malignant tumor = | A cancerous mass of cells that has ruptured the organ where they grew and has started spreading to the rest of the body |
| Mutagen = | Something in the environment that can trigger the mutation of an oncogene |
| Apoptosis = | Programmed cell death |
| What is the difference between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs)? | TumorSuppressorGenes regulate the cell cycle by making sure the cell does not grow too quickly, or making sure apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs & oncogenes cause a cell to ignore checkpoints in the cell cycle and continue to divide uncontrollably |
| What is always passed to the next generation as a result of sexual reproduction? | A haploid set of chromosomes from the mother |
| Sister chromatids are attached at the... | centromere |
| Cell division by ____ is used for replication of all types of cells. ____ is used to produce only one type of cell, ____. | mitosis; Meiosis; sex cells |
| Which process occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis that contributes to genetic diversity in sexual reproduction? | Crossing-over |
| Which is a characteristic of the pairs of sister chromatids that are visible during meiosis? | They result from the replication of DNA before meiosis |
| What would show that a person has developed metastatic cancer? | Cancer cells producing the skin pigment melanin in the liver |
| If a cell's diploid number is 22, how many chromosomes are found in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis? | 11 |
| If only one daughter cell received all of the mitochondria from the parent cell, the one without mitochondria would not be able to survive. The same is true of chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells. | True |
| At which stage of meiosis are bivalents formed? | Prophase I |
| Which of the following events takes place during meiosis II but not in meiosis I? | Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell |
| Prokaryotes divide by... | binary fission |
| DNA Replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle? | S phase of Interphase |
| What is involved in the development of cancer? | Mutations occur in oncogenes, oncogenes affect cell cycle regulatory proteins, mutations occur in tumor-suppressor genes leading to defective growth-inhibiting proteins |
| What is true regarding the difference between somatic cells and gametes? | Somatic cells are diploid while gametes are haploid, sex cells contain half the genetic information that other cells do, sex cells fuse and combine their DNA, gametes each have different combinations of genetic information from the parent cell |
| During which phase of the first division of meiosis can non-disjunction take place and what structure is affected by the non-disjunction? | Anaphase & chromosomes |
| In which situation are alleles exchanged? | When chiasmata are formed between non-sister chromatids |
| CellDivision for growth in plants occurs at the_. This can be at the_meristems, such as root and shoot tips, or_meristems that increase the width of stems. In flowering plants, or angiosperms, meiosis occurs in the_and_to produce gametes for_reproduction. | meristems; apical; lateral; ovary; anther; sexual |
| During Interphase, DNA is in its ____ form, referred to as ____. | uncoiled; chromatin |
| What occurs during the first division of meiosis? | Halving of the chromosome number |
| What process occurs in both mitosis and meiosis? | Separation of chromatids |
| What is always passed to the next generation as a result of sexual reproduction? | A haploid set of chromosomes from the mother |
| Describe Anaphase I briefly. | Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart |
| Chromatids are held together by which protein fibers? | Cohesin |
| In which types of cells is cytokinesis carried out by vesicles building up a cell plate? | Plant cells |
| What increases genetic diversity? | Random fertilization of gametes & random assortment of chromosomes into gametes, but NOT random recombination of genetic information during Prophase I or random separation of alleles |
| Yeast cells reproduce by budding, which is a ____ type of reproduction and is an example of ____ cytokinesis. | asexual; unequal |
| Cytokinesis always occurs equally in the production of daughter cells. | False |
| What is a type of cell division that produces four haploid daughter cells with only one of them being viable? | Oogenesis |
| In what situation are alleles exchanged? | When chiasmata are formed between non-sister chromatids |
| During cell division, microtubules are assembled at the MTOC (microtubule organizing center). Where is this structure found? | Centrosome |
| If a cell's diploid number is 12, how many chromosomes are in the cell during prophase I of meiosis? | 12 |
| What forms when two different chromatids of the same homologous pair cross over? | Chiasma |
| What process could cause non-disjunction if it occurred during meiosis? | Homologous chromosomes do not separate in anaphase I |
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