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Diagnostics

QuestionAnswer
UDS, what is it? es un protocolo de diagnóstico estándar en la industria automotriz, utilizado para que una herramienta de diagnóstico (ej. scanner o software) se comunique con las ECUs de un vehículo para leer información, borrar errores, programar, etc.
UDS Frame | PCI | SID | PARAMETROS / DATOS/subfunc |
PCI Protocol Control Information (control ISO-TP, si el mensaje es largo)
SID Service Identifier (dice QUÉ servicio UDS quieres usar)
Parámetros/Datos Datos o subfunción, depende del servicio
0x10 Diagnostic Session Control
0x10 subf 0x01: Default 0x02: Programming 0x03: Extended
Diagnostic Session Control meaning Initiate/Change diagnostic session modes
ECU Reset 0x11
ECU Reset meaning Command ECU to perform a reset
Security Access 0x27
Security Access meaning Grant secured access for programming/unlock features
Communication Control meaning Enable/Disable ECU communication
Communication Control 0x28
Tester Present meaning Keep session alive (prevents ECU timeout), service 3E, Su función es decirle a la ECU:"Oye, sigo aquí. No cierres la sesión de diagnóstico."
Tester Present 0x3E
Read Data By Identifier, Leer datos (sensores, VIN, etc.) 0x22
Read Data By Identifier meaning Read values of variables or data objects
Write Data By Identifier 0x2E
Write Data By Identifier meaning Write values to variables or data objects
Read DTC Information 0x19
Read DTC Information meaning Read Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Steps for diagnostics 1. Connect a diagnostic tester to the vehicle’s OBD-II port 2. Set CAN parameters (baudrate, usually 500 kbit/s) 3. Send: “Diagnostic Session Control” 4. (Optional) Security Access
UDS ISO number ISO 14229
who iniciate the communication? El tester (cliente) → ECU responde (servidor)
What happen if something goes wrong? ECU responde con: 👉 Negative Response (0x7F)
UDS could be applied in which comunication protocols? CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet (pero más común CAN)
Responce Frame 06 62 F1 90 12 34 56 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └── Data │ │ └──────── DID │ └──────────── SID Positivo └─────────────── PCI
Responce SID SID + 40
DID Data Identifier, Identifica qué dato se está leyendo.
Meaning of first nibble in PCI 0 = Single Frame 1 = First Frame 2 = Consecutive Frame 3 = Flow Control
Meaning of the second nibble in PCI longitud, is the bytes number in a frame
Example of the complete frame 03 | 22 | F1 | 90 PCI SID DID DID 03 ││ │└── Longitud = 3 bytes └── Tipo = 0 (Single Frame) 22 = ReadDataByIdentifier F190 = VIN
DID number of bytes Normally 2 Bytes
DATA number of bytes Depende del DID, could be up to 50 Bytes
Negative Response frame and lenght PCI | 7F | SID | NRC 1B 1B 1B 1B
NRC meaning Negative Response Code, explains what failed
NRC = 11 Service Not Supported, "No conozco ese servicio." Supongamos que envías: 99 como servicio UDS. Pero la ECU solo conoce: 10 11 22 27 2E 31
NRC = 12 Subfunction Not Supported, "Conozco la pregunta, pero esa opción no." (Diagnostic Session Control) Subfunciones típicas: 01 = Default Session 02 = Programming Session 03 = Extended Session Pero tú envías: 10 99
NRC = 13 Incorrect Message Length Or Invalid Format, "Tu pregunta está mal escrita." Quieres leer el VIN. La petición correcta sería: 22 F1 90 Pero envías: 22 F1
NRC = 22 Conditions Not Correct, "Ahorita no puedo hacerlo." Quieres entrar a programación: 10 02 (Programming Session) Pero el voltaje de batería es demasiado bajo.
NRC = 31 Request Out Of Range, Quieres programar una ECU. Pero el encendido está apagado. La ECU dice: "Primero prende el coche."
Wake up ECU using Harware ✅ Abrir una puerta. ✅ Girar la llave. ✅Presionar Start/Stop. ✅ Abrir la cajuela.
¿Cómo entra en Sleep una ECU? Falta de actividad CAN durante cierto tiempo.
¿Cómo despierta una ECU? Actividad en el bus CAN o una señal física.
Disable communication using UDS 28 = Communication Control 03 = No transmitas ni recibas 03 = Para comunicación normal y de red La ECU puede seguir encendida internamente.
¿Cómo se genera un Wake-Up Signal en LIN? Se genera colocando la línea LIN en estado dominante (LOW) durante al menos 250 µs. 12V ──────── ─────── | 0V |____
¿Qué pruebas harías sobre un mensaje CAN? Validaría el CAN ID, periodicidad, contenido de datos, bits de señal, checksum, alive counter, timeout, wake-up, sleep, latencia, pérdida de comunicación, DTCs, escalamiento, endianness, manejo de valores fuera de rango y respuestas de diagnóstico UDS
Que es Alive Counter? es un contador que se incrementa en cada mensaje CAN transmitido para demostrar que la ECU sigue funcionando correctamente y que el mensaje es nuevo.
Who send the Tester Present? Es enviado periódicamente por el tester(tool), despues de haber entrado a Extended Session o Programming Session
What happen if the tester present is not sent La ECU vuelve a: Default Session
Request example: 03 22 F1 90 03 → PCI 0 = Single Frame 3 = Longitud (3 bytes UDS) 22 → SID (ReadDataByIdentifier) F1 90 → DID (VIN)
Response example 10 14 62 F1 90 31 48 47 10 → PCI 1 = First Frame 14 → Longitud total de la respuesta 0x14 = 20 bytes 62 → Positive Response SID 22 + 40 = 62 F1 90 → DID (VIN) 31 48 47 → Primeros bytes del VIN
¿Quién activa el Alive Counter? es generado automáticamente por la ECU transmisora.
Created by: yizuztineo
 



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