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ELA AP TERMS

TermDefinition
alliteration The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words: the repeated “t” and “c” sounds in the sentence, “The tall tamarack trees shaded the cozy cabin,” are examples of alliteration.
allusion A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another thing, idea, or person. For example, in the sentence, “She faced the challenge with Homeric courage,” “Homeric” is an allusion to Homer’s works The Iliad and The Odyssey.
ambiguity, ambiguous it is uncertain or indefinite; it is subject to more than one interpretation.
analogy asks a reader to think about the correspondence or resemblance between two things that are essentially different.
antecedent Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun
antithesis An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses.
apostrophe A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker.
apotheosis the Greek word meaning to deify.” occurs in literature when a character or a thing is elevated to such a high status that it appears godlike.
appositive A word or phrase that follows a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity. usually set off by commas.
assonance A type of internal rhyming in which vowel sounds are repeated.
asyndeton occurs when the conjunctions (such as and or but) that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence.
atmosphere the emotional feeling--or mood--of a place, scene, or event.
attitude describes the feelings of a particular speaker or piece of writing toward a subject, person, or idea. This expression is often used as a synonym for tone.
bathos false or forced emotion that is often humorous. Whereas pathos draws upon deep emotion, it takes this emotion to such an extreme that the reader finds it humorous rather than touching.
contrast to elaborate ideas. help writers to expand on their ideas by allowing them to show both what a thing is and what it is not.
diction refers to an author's choice of words.
elegiac, elegy a work (of music, literature, dance, or art) that expresses sorrow. It mourns the loss of something, such as the death of a loved one.
ethos the characteristic spirit or ideal that informs a work.
euphemism a mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea. are often used to soften the impact of what is being discussed.
exposition refers to writing or speech that is organized to explain.
fiction comes from the Latin word meaning to invent, to form, to imagine.
figurative language an umbrella term for all uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison.
foreshadowing is a purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative.
hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve extreme emphasis.
image, imagery is a mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations, but there can be auditory and sensory components to imagery as well.
irony, ironic occurs when a situation produces an outcome that is the opposite of what is expected.
juxtaposition When two contrasting things--ideas, words, or sentence elements--are placed next to each other for comparison,
logos refers to the use of reason as a controlling principle in an argument. In rhetorical writing, authors often attempt to persuade readers by appealing to their sense of logos, or reason.
metaphor a figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared directly, usually for emphasis or dramatic effect.
metonymy is a figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it.
mood is the prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event.
onomatopoeia is an effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning.
oxymoron combines two contradictory words in one expression. The results of this combination are often unusual or thought provoking.
pacing, or narrative pacing is the speed of a story's action, dialogue, or narration. Some stories are told slowly, some more quickly. Events happen fast or are dragged out according to the narrator's purpose.
paradox is a seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth.
parallelism is a literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactic structures, (phrases, clauses, sentences) in a series in order to develop an argument or emphasize an idea.
parody is an effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing an imitation of the work or of the author's style.
pathos is a sympathetic feeling of pity or compassion evoked by an artistic work.
person is a grammatical term that describes the relationship of a writer or speaker to an audience by examining the pronouns that are used.
persona the character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text.
personification is a figure of speech in which ideas or objects are described as having human qualities or personalities.
point of view The particular perspective from which a story is told is called the point of view. Stories may be told from the point of view of specific characters or a narrator.
pun a play on words. A pun is created by using a word that has two different meanings, or using two different words with similar meanings.
repetition is the reiteration of a word or phrase for emphasis.
rhetoric, rhetorical purpose the art and logic of a written or spoken argument. persuade, to analyze, or to expose.
rhetorical question is a question that is asked for the sake of argument. No direct answer is provided
narrative, strategy is a plan of action or movement to achieve a goal. In rhetoric or writing.
satire to ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines, or to make fun of human foibles or weaknesses. "A Modest Proposal" and Gulliver's Travels, both by Jonathan Swift, are satires of particular people and events of his time.
selection of detail The specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative are referred to as the selection of detail.
simile a commonly used figure of speech that compares one thing with another using the words "like" or "as."
speaker the narrator of a story, poem, or drama. The speaker should not be confused with the author.
syllogism a form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion.
symbol something that stands for something else. The American flag, for instance, is a symbol of the United States.
synonym A word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word is called a synonym.
syntax refers to the way words are arranged in a sentence.
tension in a work of literature, is a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work.
texture describes the way the elements of a work of prose or poetry are joined together.
theme is usually considered the central idea. There can be several themes in a single work.
tone can also be called attitude, is the way the author presents a subject.
understatement When an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves.
voice How the speaker of a literary work presents himself or herself to the reader determines that speaker's unique voice.
zeugma refers to a particular breach of sense in a sentence. It occurs when a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them.
ad hominem argument This term comes from a Latin phrase meaning “to the man.” It refers to an argument that attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand.
allegory A fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts rather than functioning only as individual characters.
Created by: ghaven27
 

 



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