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History 1/23/26
Industrialization and moderniziation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which European nation industrialized first? | Britain |
| What invention marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution? | the steam engine |
| During the Industrial Revolution, steam engines and ironworks depended on what fuel source? | Coal |
| How did globalization affect world cultures during the Industrial Revolution? | Shift from farm to city, everyone had to work in the city instead of at home on the farm with their families |
| what was an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur | Germ theory and paesturization |
| who invented the telegraph? | Samuel Morse |
| Which books did Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, and Adam Smith write? | social critisizm |
| Between 1750 and 1900, how much did total global manufacturing production increase? | 400% |
| Between 1750 and 1900, how did global population change? | it doubled |
| Who were the Luddites? | people against the constant surge of new products, machines, or technologies |
| What did Eli Whitney invent? | the cotton gin |
| What major waterway was completed in 1869 to link the Mediterranean and Red Seas? | Seuz canal |
| communism | idea of a classless society (ex. no bourgeoisie or low class) |
| socialism | idea that government will control the means of production to ensure that wealth and resources are distributed among the community |
| Social Darwinism | the idea that differences in wealth and power could be explained by the superiority of some and the inferiority of others (basically that the people that had more power were better than others, think about white people vs. African Americans at the time) |
| liberalism | freedom |
| globilization | the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade and the free flow of the capital |
| exposition | world fairs? not 100% on this one |
| social critisism | any type of writing that tries to improve social conditions |
| cottage industry | British cotton textiles |
| sabotage | deliberate deconstruction |
| division of labor | a process that divides a task into separate parts with each completed by a different person or group |
| Henry Bessemer | invented a way to manufacture high-quality steel more cheaply |
| Eli Whitney | cotton gin |
| Cyrus McCormick | revolutionized wheat harvesting in England |
| Queen Victoria | popular queen who supported social and political reforms |
| Charles Dickens | social critisism, "A Christmas Carol," grew up in poverty and became the most famous English author of the period |
| Louis Pasteur | paesturizaiton and germ theory |
| John Stuart Mill | "On Liberty", big supporter of liberalism |
| Karl Marx | believed that the industrial society created 2 classes in conflict, the property-owning bourgeoisie and the exploited industrial workers |
| James Watt | perfected the world's first steam engine, father of the Industrial Revolution |
| Friedrick Engels | influential work, "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | wanted to unify the penninsula under a liberal, representative government |
| Otto van Bismark | lead the unification of Prussia and other states, captured territory from Austria, and won wars with Benmark and France |
| Napoleon III | ruled over France's Second Empire, a period of stability, prosperity, and expanding French power from 1852 to 1870 |
| militarism | a government policy of continuous military development and readiness for war |
| proletariat | the working class |
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