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Chemistry

Key Concepts (Both Papers)

QuestionAnswer
Three ideas in John Dalton's theory about the Atom. Atom's can't be created, divided or destroyed & Atoms of the same element are the exact same & atoms will join together to make new substances.
What discovery caused the original Dalton model of an atom to change? The discovery of subatomic particles.
What did JJ Thomson do? Used cathode ray tube to conduct experiment, proved Dalton wrong as atoms CAN be divided
How did Thomson know the particles must have a negative charge? The beam moved away from the negatively charged plate and towards the positively charged plate.
What was Thomson's "Plum-pudding" model? Negative electrons scattered throughout soft blobs of positively charged material
What did Ernest Rutherford do? Shot beam of positively charged particles into a sheet of gold foil
What did Rutherford's particles do? Some went straight, some bounced back and some deflected to the side
What did Rutherford's model say? Most of the atom's mass is found in a region in the centre called the Nucleus
What does Rutherford's model look like? Atom is mostly empty space with electrons travelling in random paths around the nucleus
Describe the structure of an atom. Nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in shells.
What is the relative charge of a Proton, Neutron and Electron? +1, 0 & -1
What is the relative mass of a Proton, Neutron and Electron? 1, 1 & 1/1836 (Negligible)
Why do atoms contain equal amounts of Protons and Electrons? Charges are +1 and -1 and cancel out
Describe the size of the nucleus of an atom? Very small compared to the rest of the atom.
What is the mass number of an atom? Protons + Neutrons
What are isotopes? Different atoms of the same element, that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
What is the formula for RAM? (Mass of A x %) + (Mass of B x %) / 100
Give 4 features of metals. Shiny solids, high melting point, good conductors of electricity and high density
Give 2 features of non-metals. Low boiling points and poor conductors of electricity.
How do you calculate RFM? All mass's added
How do you find empirical formula? Simplest ratio (eg Fe2O4 = FeO2)
Give example of molecular formula. 2 x Fe2O3 = Fe4O6
How do you find formula using molular mass? Mass/molular mass and then ratio and then times the ratio
Created by: user-1956972
 

 



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