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Chemistry
2nd Semester
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Limiting reactant | the reactant that runs out or is consumed first in a chemical reaction |
| Mole ratio | the ratio of the moles of one element or compound to the moles of another element or compound in a chemical reaction |
| Percent yield | the proportion of product that actually formed in a chemical reaction compared to the theoretical amount |
| Theoretical yield | the amount that would have formed if all reactants reacted under perfect conditions |
| Equivalence statement | shows two different units or quantities representing the exact same amount |
| Conversion factor | ratio expressed as a fraction that equals 1 |
| Coefficient | # that indicates the number of molecules, atoms, or moles of a substance in a chemical reaction |
| Stoichiometry | roots mean the measurement of elements |
| Actual yield | the real, experimentally measured amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction |
| Mole | standard unit of measurement that represents particles (atoms, molecules, ions, or the like) |
| STP | define standard conditions for temperature and pressure |
| Calorimeter | a device that measures temperature change during a chemical or physical process |
| Calorimetry | type of investigation that measures heat transfer during chemical reactions by monitoring T changes and the mass |
| Endothermic | a chemical reaction that absorbs heat or light energy from its surroundings |
| Enthalpy | the total heat content of a system |
| Exothermic | a chemical reaction that releases heat or light energy |
| Heat | energy transfer between substances or the system due to a difference in temperature |
| Specific heat | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| Thermochemical equation | a balanced chemical equation that includes the change in enthalpy (ΔH) |
| Dilution | the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent |
| Electrolyte | a substance that dissociates into freely moving ions when dissolved in water or melted, allowing it to conduct electricity |
| Nonelectrolyte | substance that doesn't dissociate into freely moving ions when dissolved in water and does not conduct electricity |
| Polarity | uneven distribution of charge throughout a molecule, results in partial - and partial + charges within the molecule |
| Saturated solution | a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved without changing the temperature |
| Solubility | ability of a solute to dissolve into a solvent |
| Solution | an aqueous mixture containing a substance (solute) that is evenly dissolved in a solvent |
| Supersaturated solution | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than it normally can at a given temperature |
| Unsaturated solution | a solution in which more solute could be dissolved without changing the temperature |
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