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Unit 5 vocab
Unit 5 vocab words AP Human
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agribusiness | the interconnected system of large-scale commercial farming, encompassing all steps from seed production/fertilizer to processing, marketing, and retailing food products |
| Domestication | the long-term process where humans selectively breed and cultivate wild plants and animals to alter their genetic and physical traits |
| Food desert | a geographic area, often low-income, with limited access to affordable, nutritious food, especially fresh fruits and vegetables, due to a lack of supermarkets or healthy options |
| GMO | a plant or animal whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering to introduce beneficial traits like pest resistance or higher yields |
| Green Revolution | modern agricultural technologies (high-yield seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation) to developing nations, dramatically boosting food production |
| High-yield seeds | specialized, genetically enhanced seeds (like dwarf wheat/rice) designed for significantly greater food output per acre, |
| Horticulture | the intensive cultivation of small plots for high-value crops like fruits, vegetables, and flowers, often using simple tools in non-industrialized societies (subsistence) |
| Market gardening | intensive, small-scale commercial farming of high-value crops (fruits, vegetables, flowers) on small plots, focusing on diverse products sold directly to local urban consumers (farmers' markets |
| Mediterranean | a distinct climate type (hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters) and a cultural/geographic region around the Mediterranean Sea |
| Midlatitudes | the temperate zones between roughly 30° and 60° North and South of the equator |
| Mixed crop and livestock | an agricultural system combining crop cultivation and animal husbandry on the same farm |
| Pastoral nomadism | a subsistence strategy where people herd domesticated animals (like sheep, goats, camels) and constantly move seasonally to find fresh pastures and water |
| Plantation | a large-scale farm in tropical/subtropical areas growing one or two cash crops (like sugar, coffee, cotton) for export, using intensive labor (historically enslaved or migrant workers), not local subsistence |
| Shifting cultivation | a subsistence farming method in tropical regions where land is cleared (slashed) and burned to create fertile soil (ash) for a few years, then abandoned (fallow) to regenerate as soil nutrients deplete, and farmers move to a new plot, rotating fields |
| Subsistence agriculture | farming to produce food primarily for the farmer's family or local community, not for profit or large markets, using low technology and labor-intensive methods to ensure self-sufficiency in less developed regions |
| Terracing | an agricultural technique of cutting flat steps (terraces) into steep slopes to create usable farmland |
| Township and range | U.S. method from 1785 dividing land into a grid of 6-mile square townships, further split into 36 one-mile square sections, creating a uniform, square-patterned landscape |
| Transhumance | the seasonal movement of livestock (and sometimes people) between fixed summer and winter pastures, often between lowland valleys and highland pastures, to optimize grazing and water resources |
| Value-added agriculture | modifying raw farm products (like crops or livestock) through processing, marketing, or packaging to increase their economic value and profit margin |
| Von Thunen | agricultural land use forms rings around a central market, transportation costs, land value, and product perishability, with intensive farming (dairy,) closest to the city and extensive crops (grains, livestock) farther out due to lower transport needs |
Created by:
Harper_