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Inorganic Chemistry

Chapter 2 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
Inorganic Chemistry substances that do not contain carbon hydrogen bonds Ex: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide
Organic Chemistry study of carbon carbon containing substances
Water's ___ nature _______ interaction with other molecules polar, influences
Hydrophilic substances attracted to water, "water loving"
Hydrophobic substances not attracted to water, "water fearing"
Cohesion attraction of one water molecule to another, creates surface tension
Adhesion attraction of water molecules to other molecules, causes the upward movement of water in the xylem of plants
50 to __% of body, __% of blood is composed of water 60, 92
Properties of Water stabilizing body temp. protection chem. reactions mixing medium
Stabilizing Body Temp. large amount of heat can be absorbed by water, yet it stays at a fairly stable temp. and withing the body synthesis is known as anabolism
Protection acts as a lubricant to reduce friction between moving body parts. it forms a liquid cushion around organs to protect from trauma
Participates in Chemical Reactions many reactions take place in water ex: dehydration and hydrolysis reactions
Mixing Medium allows transport throughout the body
Mixture physically combined but not chemically
Solution uniformly distributed - solvent: dissolves (salt) - solute: dissolves the solvent (water)
Suspension materials separate unless stirred ex: sand and water
Colloid dispersal of tiny particles through a medium that do not settle out ex: milk and plasma of the blood
Acid a proton donor or any substance that release a hydrogen
Base a proton acceptor or any substance that binds to or accepts hydrogen ions
Strong Acids & Bases completely dissociate in water
Weak Acids & Bases only partially dissociate in water - easily reversible
pH Scale used to measure the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Neutral pH of 7 or equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions ex: distilled water
Acidic pH of >7 with a greater concentration of hydrogen ions ex: lemon juice
Basic (Alkaline) pH of <7 with a greater concentration of hydroxide ions ex: bleach
Human Blood pH: 7.35 - 7.45
Acidosis blood pH drops below 7.35 the nervous system becomes depressed and individual becomes disoriented, possible comatose
Alkalosis blood pH rises above 7.45 the nervous system becomes overexcitable and the individual may be very nervous or have a convulsion
Salt a compound consisting of a cation other than a hydrogen ion and an anion other than a hydroxide ion ex: NaCl
Buffer a solution of a conjugate acid-base pair in which acid and base components occur in similar concentrations, RESIST CHANGES IN pH
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs conjugate base: what remains of an acid once it loses its hydrogen ion conjugate acid: what is formed when a proton in transferred to the base Acid + Base <----> Conjugate Base + Conjugate Acid
 

 



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